From: Adequate access to healthcare and added life expectancy among older adults in China
 |  | Sex | Residence | Access to healthcare | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Total | Women | Men | Rural | Urban | Inadequate | Adequate |
# Sampled individuals | 27,794 | 16,145 | 11,649 | 16,929 | 10,865 | 2877 | 24,917 |
% Adequate access to healthcare | 92.4 | 92.2 | 92.6 | 91.0 | 95.3* | – | – |
% Death in 2002–2014 + | 26.6 | 25.3 | 28.0# | 29.3.0 | 21.7* | 33.70 | 23.2* |
Demographics | |||||||
Age (mean, years) | 71.8 | 72.0 | 71.3* | 71.9 | 71.6$ | 73.8 | 71.7# |
% Men | 49.6 | – | – | 49.9 | 49.1 | 48.3 | 49.7 |
% Urban | 32.0 | 32.3 | 31.6 | – | – | 19.5 | 33.0* |
Socioeconomic factors | |||||||
% Han ethnicity | 93.2 | 92.9 | 93.4 | 92.2 | 95.2* | 92.8 | 93.2 |
% 0 years of schooling | 46.4 | 66.7 | 26.0* | 52.0 | 34.6* | 61.3 | 45.2* |
% 6 years of schooling | 38.3 | 26.4 | 50.4* | 38.3 | 38.4* | 32.4 | 38.8* |
% 7+ years of schooling | 15.3 | 7.0 | 23.7* | 9.7 | 27.0* | 6.3 | 16.0* |
% Economic independence | 52.2 | 42.0 | 62.6* | 44.8 | 67.8* | 46.8 | 52.6# |
% Professional occupation | 13.0 | 10.9 | 15.2* | 7.3 | 25.3* | 6.7 | 13.6* |
% Having a health insurance | 34.2 | 31.4 | 37.1* | 34.0 | 34.7 | 22.3 | 35.2* |
Family/Social support | |||||||
% Married | 65.3 | 53.3 | 77.5* | 64.4 | 67.1$ | 48.2 | 66.7* |
% Close proximity to children | 84.3 | 85.9 | 82.7# | 88.0 | 76.5* | 75.2 | 85.1* |
Health practice | |||||||
% Doing regular exercise | 32.9 | 29.1 | 36.8* | 23.5 | 53.0* | 20.8 | 33.9* |
% Currently smoking | 27.2 | 7.9 | 46.8* | 27.6 | 26.4 | 29.6 | 27.0 |
Health condition | |||||||
% ADL disabled | 6.1 | 7.2 | 5.0* | 5.6 | 7.1# | 9.4 | 5.8* |
% Cognitively impaired | 11.9 | 16.2 | 7.6* | 13.3 | 9.0* | 26.0 | 10.8* |
% Having 1+ chronic disease | 57.9 | 60.1 | 55.6* | 54.6 | 64.9* | 63.6 | 57.4# |
Waves | |||||||
% Samples in 2002 | 48.0 | 21.5 | 46.0# | 48.0 | 47.8* | 53.2 | 47.5# |
% Samples in 2005 | 18.0 | 17.8 | 18.3# | 15.8 | 22.7* | 19.4 | 17.9# |
% Samples in 2008 | 24.1 | 23.0 | 25.2# | 23.3 | 25.7* | 20.5 | 24.4# |
% Samples in 2011 | 9.9 | 9.3 | 10.5# | 12.8 | 3.8* | 6.9 | 10.2# |