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Table 2 Characteristics of study participants

From: Association of Frailty with recovery from disability among community-dwelling Chinese older adults: China health and retirement longitudinal study

 

ADL

analysis

IADL

analysis

Characteristics

N = 516

N = 598

Age, years, No (%)

 60–64

202 (39.1)

229 (38.3)

 65–69

118 (22.9)

142 (23.7)

 70–74

96 (18.6)

117 (19.6)

 75–79

68 (13.2)

78 (13.0)

 80+

32 (6.2)

32 (5.4)

Female, No. (%)

296 (57.4)

322 (53.8)

Education, No. (%)

 No formal education/illiterate

216 (41.9)

259 (43.3)

 Did not finish elementary school

116 (22.5)

132 (22.1)

 Sishu or elementary school

135 (26.2)

137 (22.9)

 Middle school or above

49 (9.5)

70 (11.7)

Marital Status, No. (%)

 Married/living together

383 (74.2)

469 (78.4)

Smoking status, No. (%)

 Never

314 (60.9)

357 (59.7)

 Former

58 (11.2)

72 (12.0)

 Current

144 (27.9)

169 (28.3)

Body mass index, kg/ m2

 Underweight, No. (%)

56 (10.9)

70 (11.7)

 Normal, No. (%)

275 (53.3)

330 (55.2)

 Overweight, No. (%)

127 (24.6)

135 (22.6)

 Obese, No. (%)

58 (11.2)

63 (10.5)

Number of chronic conditions, mean (SD)

1.6 (1.2)

1.5 (1.2)

Cognitive function a, mean (SD)

10.2 (5.5)

10.4 (5.4)

Frailty, No. (%)

 Non-frail

195 (37.8)

228 (38.1)

 Prefrail

286 (55.4)

330 (55.2)

 Frail

35 (6.8)

40 (6.7)

Severe disability b, No. (%)

199 (38.6)

280 (46.8)

  1. Abbreviations: ADL activities of daily living, IADL instrumental activities of daily living; SD standard deviation
  2. a Cognitive function was measured by the modified mini-mental status examination
  3. b Severe disability was defined as having difficulty in two or more ADL/IADL