Table 2 Characteristics and comparing among the four groups
From: Association between motoric cognitive risk syndrome and frailty among older Chinese adults
|  | Healthy control (n = 301) | Subjective cognitive complaints only (n = 68) | Slow gait only (n = 43) | MCR (n = 17) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years (mean ± SD) | 76.6 ± 7.6 | 75.7 ± 7.8 | 79.1 ± 7.7 | 76.7 ± 8.7 | 0.156 |
Male, n (%) | 189 (62.8) | 34 (50.0) | 27 (62.8) | 7 (41.2) | 0.092 |
High school and above, n (%) | 207 (68.8) | 40 (58.8) | 28 (65.1) | 8 (47.1) | 0.150 |
Married, n (%) | 239 (79.4) | 58 (85.3) | 29 (67.4) | 14 (82.4) | 0.154 |
Current or former smoker, n (%) | 73 (24.3) | 15 (22.1) | 9 (20.9) | 3 (17.6) | 0.885 |
Current or former drinker, n (%) | 74 (24.6) | 13 (19.1) | 9 (20.9) | 3 (17.6) | 0.710 |
BMI (mean ± SD, kg/m2) | 23.7 ± 3.0 | 22.8 ± 3.1 | 24.5 ± 3.8 | 24.4 ± 4.5 | 0.032 |
History of diabetes, n (%) | 76 (25.2) | 8 (11.8) | 13 (30.2) | 4 (23.5) | 0.079 |
History of cerebrovascular diseases, n (%) | 86 (28.6) | 19 (27.9) | 15 (34.9) | 9 (52.9) | 0.160 |
History of hypertension, n (%) | 223 (74.1) | 52 (76.5) | 36 (83.7) | 14 (82.4) | 0.500 |
History of coronary artery disease, n (%) | 93 (30.9) | 24 (35.3) | 15 (34.9) | 9 (52.9) | 0.273 |
Comorbidities (≥ 5 diseases), n (%) | 176 (58.5) | 42 (61.8) | 29 (67.4) | 12 (70.6) | 0.542 |
Polypharmacy (≥ 5 drugs), n (%) | 132 (43.9) | 27 (39.7) | 27 (62.8) | 12 (70.6) | 0.014 |
Fall history in the past year, n (%) | 50 (16.6) | 10 (14.7) | 8 (18.6) | 1 (5.9) | 0.643 |
Grip strength, (mean ± SD, kg) | 31.8 ± 9.2 | 29.7 ± 8.8 | 26.8 ± 9.7 | 23.0 ± 6.8 | < 0.001 |
Four-meter usual gait speed (mean ± SD, m/s) | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.2 | < 0.001 |
Depressive symptoms from GDS-15 (mean ± SD, scores) | 1.6 ± 2.0 | 4.0 ± 2.7 | 2.7 ± 2.4 | 5.1 ± 2.9 | < 0.001 |
MMSE (mean ± SD, scores) | 27.6 ± 1.8 | 27.2 ± 1.8 | 26.9 ± 2.0 | 25.7 ± 1.7 | < 0.001 |
Frailty for CFS ≥ 5, n (%) | 33 (11.0) | 7 (10.3) | 16 (37.2) | 8 (47.1) | < 0.001 |