Table 4 Multivariable-adjusted association of socio-demographics and disease burden with incidence of frailty among robust and prefrail persons

Prefrail vs. robust at baseline

2.46 (1.86, 3.24)

 60–64

Ref.

 65–69

1.39 (1.01, 1.90)

 70–74

1.41 (1.02, 1.95)

 75–79

1.88 (1.35, 2.63)

 80–84

3.11 (2.11, 4.59)

 85+

3.55 (2.03, 6.22)

Female vs. male

1.03 (0.77, 1.37)

 No formal education or illiterate

Ref.

 Did not finish elementary school ^a

0.76 (0.58, 0.99)

 Elementary school ^b

0.72 (0.51, 1.01)

 Middle school

0.42 (0.25, 0.71)

 High school or above ^c

0.23 (0.12, 0.44)

  < 2160 Yuan

Ref.

 2160–10,640 Yuan

0.74 (0.56, 0.98)

 10,640–31,500 Yuan

0.65 (0.49, 0.87)

  > 31,500 Yuan

0.81 (0.59, 1.12)

 Married

Ref.

 Widowed

1.39 (1.07, 1.81)

 Others ^d

1.20 (0.51, 2.78)

Rural vs. urban residence

 0

Ref.

 1

1.09 (0.79, 1.50)

 2

1.14 (0.82, 1.58)

 3+

1.78 (1.28, 2.47)