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Table 2 Comparison in baseline characteristics between persons who with and without missing frailty data at follow-up

From: Incidence of frailty among community-dwelling older adults: a nationally representative profile in China

 

No missing frailty data

Had missing frailty data

p a

Characteristics

(N = 3211)

(N = 1728)

 

Age, years, mean (SD)

67.0 (5.8)

68.2 (6.9)

<.001

Male, No. (%)

1691 (52.7%)

814 (47.1%)

.001

Education, No. (%)

  

<.001

 No formal education or illiterate

1017 (31.7%)

693 (40.1%)

 

 Did not finish elementary school b

708 (22.1%)

346 (20.0%)

 

 Elementary school c

863 (26.9%)

399 (23.1%)

 

 Middle school

408 (12.7%)

180 (10.4%)

 

 High school or above d

214 (6.7%)

111 (6.4%)

 

Marital status, No. (%)

  

<.001

 Married/living together

2664 (83.0%)

1356 (78.5%)

 

 Others e

547 (17.0%)

371 (21.5%)

 

Current residence, No. (%)

  

<.001

 Urban

1085 (33.8%)

684 (39.6%)

 

 Rural

2126 (66.2%)

1045 (60.5%)

 

Smoking

 Never

1813 (56.5%)

1003 (58.1)

.007

 Previous

359 (11.2%)

235 (13.6)

 

 Current

1039 (32.4)

489 (28.3)

 

Body mass index

  

.380

 underweight

280 (8.7%)

150 (8.7%)

 

 normal

2087 (65.1%)

1090 (63.1%)

 

 overweight

838 (26.2%)

487 (28.2%)

 

Hypertension, No. (%)

990 (30.9%)

610 (35.3%)

.005

Diabetes, No. (%)

228 (7.1%)

136 (7.9%)

.380

Cancer f, No. (%)

32 (1.0%)

10 (0.6%)

.256

Cardiac disease, No. (%)

480 (15.4%)

290 (16.8%)

.145

Stroke, No. (%)

89 (2.8%)

59 (3.4%)

.246

Lung disease, No. (%)

466 (14.6%)

256 (14.8%)

.850

Liver disease, No. (%)

122 (3.8%)

67 (3.9%)

.968

Kidney disease, No. (%)

202 (6.3%)

74 (4.3%)

.010

Stomach disease, No. (%)

754 (23.5%)

352 (20.4%)

.022

Arthritis, No. (%)

1225 (38.2%)

651 (37.7%)

.750

ADL disability

535 (16.7%)

320 (18.4%)

.185

Frailty at baseline, No. (%)

  

<.001

 Non-frail

1531 (47.7%)

708 (41.0%)

 

 Prefrail

1680 (52.3%)

1020 (59.0%)

 
  1. Abbreviations: SD standard deviation, ADL activities of daily living
  2. a P-values were obtained by a t test with continuous variables and a χ2 test for categorical variables
  3. b But capable of reading or writing
  4. c Including traditional Chinese school (i.e., Sishu)
  5. d Including graduate from high school, vocational school, college, or post-graduate
  6. e Including widowed, separated, divorced, and never married
  7. f Non-melanoma skin cancer was excluded