No missing frailty data | Had missing frailty data | p a | |
---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | (N = 3211) | (N = 1728) | |
Age, years, mean (SD) | 67.0 (5.8) | 68.2 (6.9) | <.001 |
Male, No. (%) | 1691 (52.7%) | 814 (47.1%) | .001 |
Education, No. (%) | <.001 | ||
No formal education or illiterate | 1017 (31.7%) | 693 (40.1%) | |
Did not finish elementary school b | 708 (22.1%) | 346 (20.0%) | |
Elementary school c | 863 (26.9%) | 399 (23.1%) | |
Middle school | 408 (12.7%) | 180 (10.4%) | |
High school or above d | 214 (6.7%) | 111 (6.4%) | |
Marital status, No. (%) | <.001 | ||
Married/living together | 2664 (83.0%) | 1356 (78.5%) | |
Others e | 547 (17.0%) | 371 (21.5%) | |
Current residence, No. (%) | <.001 | ||
Urban | 1085 (33.8%) | 684 (39.6%) | |
Rural | 2126 (66.2%) | 1045 (60.5%) | |
Smoking | |||
Never | 1813 (56.5%) | 1003 (58.1) | .007 |
Previous | 359 (11.2%) | 235 (13.6) | |
Current | 1039 (32.4) | 489 (28.3) | |
Body mass index | .380 | ||
underweight | 280 (8.7%) | 150 (8.7%) | |
normal | 2087 (65.1%) | 1090 (63.1%) | |
overweight | 838 (26.2%) | 487 (28.2%) | |
Hypertension, No. (%) | 990 (30.9%) | 610 (35.3%) | .005 |
Diabetes, No. (%) | 228 (7.1%) | 136 (7.9%) | .380 |
Cancer f, No. (%) | 32 (1.0%) | 10 (0.6%) | .256 |
Cardiac disease, No. (%) | 480 (15.4%) | 290 (16.8%) | .145 |
Stroke, No. (%) | 89 (2.8%) | 59 (3.4%) | .246 |
Lung disease, No. (%) | 466 (14.6%) | 256 (14.8%) | .850 |
Liver disease, No. (%) | 122 (3.8%) | 67 (3.9%) | .968 |
Kidney disease, No. (%) | 202 (6.3%) | 74 (4.3%) | .010 |
Stomach disease, No. (%) | 754 (23.5%) | 352 (20.4%) | .022 |
Arthritis, No. (%) | 1225 (38.2%) | 651 (37.7%) | .750 |
ADL disability | 535 (16.7%) | 320 (18.4%) | .185 |
Frailty at baseline, No. (%) | <.001 | ||
Non-frail | 1531 (47.7%) | 708 (41.0%) | |
Prefrail | 1680 (52.3%) | 1020 (59.0%) |