From: Falls and risk factors of falls for urban and rural community-dwelling older adults in China
Variable | Urban(%) | Rural(%) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sub-Total | Sex | Age Group | Sub-Total | Sex | Age Group | ||||||||||
Male | Female | P-value ① | 65–74 | 75–84 | > = 85 | Male | Female | P-value ② | 65–74 | 75–84 | > = 85 | P-value ③ | |||
1) Number of falls in past 12 months | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | ||||||||||||
None | 85.0 | 87.3 | 82.9 | 87.5 | 82.4 | 79.2 | 83.0 | 84.9 | 80.6 | 85.5 | 81.0 | 75.4 | |||
Once | 7.5 | 6.6 | 8.5 | 7.1 | 8.0 | 8.7 | 6.4 | 5.6 | 7.4 | 6.2 | 6.6 | 7.3 | |||
More than once | 7.4 | 6.13| | 8.7 | 5.4 | 9.6 | 12.1 | 10.6 | 9.5 | 12.0 | 8.3 | 12.4 | 17.3 | |||
2) Location of falls | |||||||||||||||
Outdoor | |||||||||||||||
On the road | 35.0 | 37.5 | 33.1 | .10 | 36.9 | 36.4 | 19.5 | 30.8 | 34.9 | 26.9 | <.001 | 33.0 | 31.4 | 19.9 | <.05 |
Park | 4.2 | 5.3 | 3.3 | .08 | 4.8 | 4.1 | 1.6 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.6 | .44 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.7 | <.001 |
Stairs | 14.9 | 14.1 | 15.6 | .46 | 17.9 | 13.3 | 8.6 | 6.9 | 6.4 | 7.3 | .51 | 6.9 | 7.1 | 6.0 | <.001 |
Yard/community | 13.4 | 13.7 | 13.2 | .78 | 11.7 | 14.5 | 16.4 | 45.9 | 42.1 | 49.6 | <.01 | 43.3 | 49.2 | 43.7 | <.001 |
Shopping center | 3.8 | 2.6 | 4.7 | <.05 | 3.8 | 4.4 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 0.9 | .54 | 1.7 | 0.5 | 0.7 | <.001 |
Indoor | |||||||||||||||
Bathroom | 13.9 | 14.4 | 13.6 | .65 | 15.6 | 15.9 | 20.3 | 6.9 | 7.2 | 6.6 | .67 | 6.1 | 7.4 | 8.0 | <.001 |
Bedroom | 23.1 | 21.2 | 24.5 | .17 | 15.7 | 26.2 | 44.5 | 21.5 | 21.3 | 21.6 | .98 | 16.2 | 22.4 | 39.1 | .32 |
Kitchen | 5.9 | 4.6 | 6.8 | .09 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 7.8 | 9.2 | 8.4 | 9.9 | .37 | 9.1 | 8.3 | 12.6 | <.001 |
Living room | 13.3 | 13.5 | 13.2 | .85 | 10.4 | 13.8 | 25.0 | 8.2 | 7.6 | 8.7 | .49 | 7.6 | 8.1 | 10.6 | <.001 |
Public washroom | 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.9 | <.001 | 3.0 | 2.7 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 3.0 | 3.6 | .53 | 3.2 | 2.7 | 6.0 | .52 |
Doorsill | 7.6 | 4.4 | 10.0 | <.001 | 6.0 | 9.0 | 9.4 | 13.4 | 11.8 | 14.9 | .10 | 12.1 | 14.6 | 13.9 | <.001 |
Other | 7.8 | 11.0 | 5.5 | .08 | 8.4 | 7.6 | 5.5 | 9.5 | 11.5 | 7.5 | <.01 | 12.5 | 7.4 | 5.3 | .13 |
3) Circumstance of falls | |||||||||||||||
Taking a walk | 71.0 | 70.3 | 71.5 | .62 | 72.9 | 68.2 | 74.6 | 79.1 | 78.5 | 79.6 | .63 | 80.0 | 79.2 | 74.5 | <.001 |
Getting up and sitting down | 16.0 | 17.0 | 15.3 | .42 | 11.5 | 17.4 | 31.0 | 12.3 | 13.0 | 11.7 | .46 | 9.1 | 13.9 | 19.3 | <.01 |
Exercising | 6.0 | 7.3 | 5.0 | .09 | 5.3 | 6.6 | 6.4 | 5.6 | 7.9 | 3.5 | <.001 | 5.5 | 6.0 | 4.8 | .69 |
Bathing | 4.1 | 3.3 | 4.8 | .19 | 3.8 | 5.0 | 1.6 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 2.9 | .48 | 1.2 | 3.3 | 5.5 | <.05 |
Toileting | 13.4 | 13.3 | 13.5 | .94 | 9.7 | 16.9 | 15.1 | 12.7 | 15.3 | 10.3 | <.01 | 11.5 | 12.1 | 20.0 | .59 |
Picking up items | 4.8 | 4.9 | 4.8 | .88 | 3.8 | 5.5 | 6.4 | 7.0 | 6.6 | 7.4 | .56 | 7.2 | 7.2 | 5.5 | <.05 |
Housekeeping | 8.7 | 7.3 | 9.6 | .14 | 9.3 | 9.0 | 4.0 | 10.1 | 7.5 | 12.4 | <.001 | 11.3 | 9.6 | 6.9 | .22 |
Taking on + off clothes | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.9 | .99 | 2.3 | 3.8 | 1.6 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 2.4 | .60 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 4.8 | .69 |
Other | 7.7 | 8.7 | 7.0 | .11 | 7.2 | 8.3 | 8.0 | 7.1 | 7.2 | 4.8 | .20 | 7.7 | 4.0 | 6.9 | <.001 |
4) Consequence of most recent fall | <.05 | .66 | <.05 | ||||||||||||
No injuries | 26.9 | 30.6 | 24.2 | 28.4 | 27.4 | 17.1 | 28.8 | 30.2 | 27.4 | 27.1 | 30.8 | 27.6 | |||
Minor injuries | 40.8 | 39.5 | 41.7 | 40.5 | 40.7 | 42.6 | 41.2 | 41.5 | 41.0 | 41.5 | 42.0 | 37.2 | |||
Clinic visit | 15.9 | 12.9 | 18.2 | 16.3 | 15.4 | 16.3 | 16.1 | 15.0 | 17.1 | 18.0 | 42.0 | 14.7 | |||
Hospitalization | 12.3 | 13.6 | 11.4 | 12.9 | 11.0 | 15.5 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 9.3 | 10.8 | 8.0 | 9.0 | |||
Long-term treatment | 3.0 | 2.3 | 3.5 | 1.1 | 4.0 | 7.8 | 4.0 | 3.4 | 4.6 | 2.0 | 4.2 | 11.5 | |||
Other | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1| | 0.7 | 1.5 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.0 |