Table 1 Descriptive Statistics of Variables, R Aged 65 and Over, China
From: Falls and risk factors of falls for urban and rural community-dwelling older adults in China
Variable | Urban | Rural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Dependent Variable | % | S.D. | % | S.D. |
When R fell in past 12 months** | ||||
Yes | 15.0 | 17.0 | ||
No | 85.0 | 83.0 | ||
Independent Variables | ||||
1) Personal Characteristics | ||||
Sex*** | ||||
Male | 49.2 | 54.9 | ||
Female | 50.8 | 45.1 | ||
Age*** | ||||
65–74 | 55.4 | 53.3 | ||
75–84 | 37.9 | 38.8 | ||
≥ 85 | 6.8 | 7.9 | ||
If illiterate*** | ||||
Yes | 17.2 | 46.9 | ||
No | 82.8 | 53.1 | ||
Household income per capita *** | 29,051.7 | 76,549.7 | 7780.3 | 20,877.1 |
If living alone *** | ||||
Yes | 17.3 | 18.3 | ||
No | 82.7 | 81.7 | ||
2) Health Status | ||||
Vision*** | ||||
Good | 38.5 | 30.2 | ||
Fair | 28.7 | 29.3 | ||
Bad | 32.8 | 40.5 | ||
Chronic Diseases | ||||
Hypertension*** | ||||
Yes | 48.2 | 30.6 | ||
No | 51.8 | 69.4 | ||
Heart Disease*** | ||||
Yes | 33.4 | 15.7 | ||
No | 66.6 | 84.3 | ||
Arthritis | ||||
Yes | 24.6 | 24.4 | ||
No | 75.4 | 75.6 | ||
Cervical and lumbar spondylosis*** | ||||
Yes | 18.4 | 14.3 | ||
No | 81.6 | 85.4 | ||
Cerebrovascular disease*** | ||||
Yes | 15.1 | 9.2 | ||
No | 84.9 | 90.8 | ||
Self-Rated Health*** | ||||
Very bad | 4.5 | 7.2 | ||
Bad | 16.4 | 25.0 | ||
Fair | 56.3 | 49.4 | ||
Good | 19.6 | 15.7 | ||
Very good | 3.3 | 2.8 | ||
Cognitive function score (mean)*** | 1.0 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.6 |
ADL disability damage score (mean)*** | 6.8 | 2.1 | 7.0 | 2.1 |
Depressive symptoms *** | ||||
Yes | 17.3 | 34.5 | ||
No | 82.7 | 65.5 | ||
3) Environmental Factors | ||||
If tap water is available *** | ||||
Yes | 98.8 | 65.3 | ||
No | 1.2 | 34.7 | ||
Apartment type*** | ||||
One-story apartment | 16.4 | 71.9 | ||
High rise building with elevator or on 1st floor | 23.7 | 14.6 | ||
High rise building without elevator | 59.9 | 13.5 | ||
If satisfied with living condition | ||||
Yes | 86.0 | 86.1 | ||
No | 14.0 | 13.9 | ||
4) Physical Activities | ||||
Taichi*** | ||||
Yes | 6.2 | 0.5 | ||
No | 93.8 | 99.5 | ||
Muscle-toning exercises*** | ||||
Yes | 9.6 | 1.1 | ||
No | 90.4 | 98.9 | ||
Taking a walk*** | ||||
Yes | 77.8 | 62.3 | ||
No | 22.2 | 37.7 | ||
5) Life Styles | ||||
Whether smoked *** | ||||
Yes | 31.2 | 42.7 | ||
No | 68.8 | 57.3 | ||
Whether drank*** | ||||
Yes | 34.6 | 41.8 | ||
No | 65.4 | 58.2 | ||
N | 8440 | 7953 | ||