Table 1 Characteristics of the study sample
Variable | Groups divided by kidney function | p-value | All participants | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 | eGFR 30- < 45 mL/min/1.73 m2 | eGFR 45- < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 | eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 | eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 | |||
Number (%) | 70 (2.9) | 241 (9.9) | 483 (19.9) | 794 (32.7) | 1637 (67.3) | 2431 | |
Age (years) | 83.0 ± 8.5 | 83.8 ± 6.8 | 78.9 ± 8.3 | 80.9 ± 8.2 | 66.9 ± 7.8 | < 0.001 | 71.4 ± 10.3 |
Sex no. (%) | < 0.001 | ||||||
women | 37 (52.9) | 156 (64.7) | 294 (60.9) | 487 (61.3) | 837 (51.1) | 1324 (54.5) | |
men | 33 (47.1) | 85 (35.3) | 189 (39.1) | 307 (38.7) | 800 (48.9) | 1107 (45.5) | |
Education no. (%) | < 0.001 | ||||||
elementary school not completed | 1 (1.4) | 8 (3.3) | 20 (4.1) | 29 (3.7) | 41 (2.5) | 70 (2.9) | |
elementary school | 41 (58.6) | 147 (61.0) | 277 (57.3) | 465 (58.6) | 760 (46.4) | 1225 (50.4) | |
secondary school | 17 (24.3) | 67 (27.8) | 128 (26.5) | 212 (26.7) | 470 (28.7) | 682 (28.1) | |
> = 1 year extra or university degree | 11 (15.7) | 19 (7.9) | 58 (12.0) | 88 (11.1) | 366 (22.4) | 454 (18.7) | |
Country of origin no. (%) | < 0.001 | ||||||
Sweden | 65 (92.9) | 232 (96.3) | 445 (92.1) | 742 (93.5) | 1441 (88.0) | 2183 (89.8) | |
other than Sweden | 5 (7.1) | 9 (3.7) | 38 (7.9) | 52 (6.5) | 196 (12.0) | 248 (10.2) | |
Living no. (%) | 0.810 | ||||||
in urban environment | 58 (82.9) | 210 (87.1) | 442 (91.5) | 710 (89.4) | 1469 (89.7) | 2179 (89.6) | |
in rural environment | 12 (17.1) | 31 (12.9) | 41 (8.5) | 84 (10.6) | 168 (10.3) | 252 (10.4) | |
Cardiovascular risk factors | |||||||
Hypertension no. (%) | < 0.001 | ||||||
Yes | 37 (53.6) | 112 (46.9) | 189 (39.3) | 338 (42.8) | 330 (20.2) | 668 (27.6) | |
No | 32 (46.4) | 127 (53.1) | 292 (60.7) | 451 (57.2) | 1303 (79.8) | 1754 (72.4) | |
Smoking no. (%) | < 0.001 | ||||||
Active smoker | 7 (10) | 13 (5.4) | 61 (12.7) | 81 (10.2) | 341 (20.9) | 422 (17.4) | |
Former smoker | 35 (50) | 87 (36.1) | 168 (34.9) | 290 (36.6) | 642 (39.3) | 932 (38.4) | |
Never smoked | 28 (40) | 141 (58.5) | 253 (52.5) | 422 (53.2) | 651 (39.8) | 1073 (44.2) | |
Diabetes type 1 no. (%) | 0.813 | ||||||
Yes | 2 (2.9) | 4 (1.7) | 1 (0.2) | 7 (0.9) | 13 (0.8) | 20 (0.8) | |
No | 67 (97.1) | 236 (98.3) | 478 (99.8) | 781 (99.1) | 1621 (99.2) | 2402 (99.2) | |
Diabetes type 2 no. (%) | 0.011 | ||||||
Yes | 8 (11.4) | 20 (8.3) | 38 (7.9) | 66 (8.3) | 92 (5.6) | 158 (6.5) | |
No | 62 (88.6) | 220 (91.7) | 445 (92.1) | 727 (91.7) | 1544 (94.4) | 2271 (93.5) | |