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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants stratified by living arrangements in the CLHLS

From: A longitudinal analysis of the association between the living arrangements and psychological well-being of older Chinese adults: the role of income sources

Variables

Total

Alone

With family

Institution

P Value

(n = 16,020)

(n = 2159)

(n = 13,122)

(n = 739)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

Socio-demographic factors

 Age, mean (SD)

86.39 (11.66)

86.43 (10.79)

86.27 (11.91)

88.42 (9.08)

< 0.01

 Rural

8646 (53.97)

1259 (58.31)

7166 (54.61)

221 (29.91)

< 0.01

 Female

9194 (57.39)

1346 (62.34)

7444 (56.73)

404 (54.67)

< 0.01

 Minority

895 (5.59)

94 (4.35)

778 (5.93)

23 (3.11)

< 0.01

 Married

5005 (31.24)

84 (3.89)

4865 (37.08)

56 (7.58)

< 0.01

 Child alive

14,115 (88.11)

1816 (84.11)

11,908 (90.75)

391 (52.91)

< 0.01

 Sibling alive

7230 (45.13)

950 (44.00)

6046 (46.08)

234 (31.66)

< 0.01

 Education, mean (SD)

2.01 (3.48)

1.69 (3.05)

2.06 (3.52)

2.24 (3.85)

< 0.01

 Professional occupation

1679 (10.48)

236 (10.93)

1269 (9.67)

174 (23.55)

< 0.01

 Financially sufficient

12,910 (80.59)

1564 (72.0)

10,760 (82.00)

586 (79.30)

< 0.01

 Social support

15,688 (97.93)

1951 (90.37)

13,018 (99.21)

719 (97.29)

< 0.01

Health behaviours

 Current smoker

2965 (18.51)

382 (17.69)

2466 (18.79)

117 (15.83)

0.08

 Current drinker

3291 (20.54)

403 (18.67)

2757 (21.01)

131 (17.73)

0.01

 Regular exercise

5075 (31.68)

601 (27.84)

4167 (31.76)

307 (41.54)

< 0.01

Chronic diseases

    

< 0.01

 No

6137 (38.31)

844 (39.09)

5059 (38.55)

234 (31.66)

 

 One

5104 (31.86)

640 (29.64)

4234 (32.27)

230 (31.12)

 

 Two or more

4779 (29.83)

675 (31.26)

3829 (29.18)

275 (37.21)

 

ADL disability

    

< 0.01

 No

11,112 (69.36)

1709 (79.16)

8919 (67.97)

484 (65.49)

 

 One

2101 (13.11)

229 (10.61)

1770 (13.49)

102 (13.80)

 

 Two or more

2807 (17.52)

221 (10.24)

2433 (18.54)

153 (20.70)

 

Cognitively impaired

4581 (28.60)

576 (26.68)

3751 (28.59)

254 (34.37)

< 0.01

Income sources

   

< 0.01

 financial self-support

4490 (28.03)

503 (23.30)

3829 (29.18)

158 (21.38)

 

 Children support

10,448 (65.22)

1394 (64.57)

8828 (67.28)

226 (30.58)

 

 Government support

1082 (6.75)

262 (12.14)

465 (3.54)

355 (48.04)

 

PWB, mean (SD)

22.80 (4.26)

21.18 (4.46)

23.05 (4.17)

23.13 (4.22)

< 0.01

  1. Notes. SD standard deviation, ADL activities of daily living, PWB psychological well-being