Variables | Total | Alone | With family | Institution | P Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 16,020) | (n = 2159) | (n = 13,122) | (n = 739) | ||
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
Socio-demographic factors | |||||
 Age, mean (SD) | 86.39 (11.66) | 86.43 (10.79) | 86.27 (11.91) | 88.42 (9.08) | < 0.01 |
 Rural | 8646 (53.97) | 1259 (58.31) | 7166 (54.61) | 221 (29.91) | < 0.01 |
 Female | 9194 (57.39) | 1346 (62.34) | 7444 (56.73) | 404 (54.67) | < 0.01 |
 Minority | 895 (5.59) | 94 (4.35) | 778 (5.93) | 23 (3.11) | < 0.01 |
 Married | 5005 (31.24) | 84 (3.89) | 4865 (37.08) | 56 (7.58) | < 0.01 |
 Child alive | 14,115 (88.11) | 1816 (84.11) | 11,908 (90.75) | 391 (52.91) | < 0.01 |
 Sibling alive | 7230 (45.13) | 950 (44.00) | 6046 (46.08) | 234 (31.66) | < 0.01 |
 Education, mean (SD) | 2.01 (3.48) | 1.69 (3.05) | 2.06 (3.52) | 2.24 (3.85) | < 0.01 |
 Professional occupation | 1679 (10.48) | 236 (10.93) | 1269 (9.67) | 174 (23.55) | < 0.01 |
 Financially sufficient | 12,910 (80.59) | 1564 (72.0) | 10,760 (82.00) | 586 (79.30) | < 0.01 |
 Social support | 15,688 (97.93) | 1951 (90.37) | 13,018 (99.21) | 719 (97.29) | < 0.01 |
Health behaviours | |||||
 Current smoker | 2965 (18.51) | 382 (17.69) | 2466 (18.79) | 117 (15.83) | 0.08 |
 Current drinker | 3291 (20.54) | 403 (18.67) | 2757 (21.01) | 131 (17.73) | 0.01 |
 Regular exercise | 5075 (31.68) | 601 (27.84) | 4167 (31.76) | 307 (41.54) | < 0.01 |
Chronic diseases |  |  |  |  | < 0.01 |
 No | 6137 (38.31) | 844 (39.09) | 5059 (38.55) | 234 (31.66) |  |
 One | 5104 (31.86) | 640 (29.64) | 4234 (32.27) | 230 (31.12) |  |
 Two or more | 4779 (29.83) | 675 (31.26) | 3829 (29.18) | 275 (37.21) |  |
ADL disability |  |  |  |  | < 0.01 |
 No | 11,112 (69.36) | 1709 (79.16) | 8919 (67.97) | 484 (65.49) |  |
 One | 2101 (13.11) | 229 (10.61) | 1770 (13.49) | 102 (13.80) |  |
 Two or more | 2807 (17.52) | 221 (10.24) | 2433 (18.54) | 153 (20.70) |  |
Cognitively impaired | 4581 (28.60) | 576 (26.68) | 3751 (28.59) | 254 (34.37) | < 0.01 |
Income sources |  |  |  | < 0.01 | |
 financial self-support | 4490 (28.03) | 503 (23.30) | 3829 (29.18) | 158 (21.38) |  |
 Children support | 10,448 (65.22) | 1394 (64.57) | 8828 (67.28) | 226 (30.58) |  |
 Government support | 1082 (6.75) | 262 (12.14) | 465 (3.54) | 355 (48.04) |  |
PWB, mean (SD) | 22.80 (4.26) | 21.18 (4.46) | 23.05 (4.17) | 23.13 (4.22) | < 0.01 |