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Table 4 Longitudinal analyses of MF, SF and PF with functional disability, nursing home referral and mortality

From: A bio-psycho-social approach for frailty amongst Singaporean Chinese community-dwelling older adults – evidence from the Singapore Longitudinal Aging Study

 

Functional Disability

Nursing Home Referral

Mortality

 

N

%

OR (95% CI)

P

N

%

OR (95% CI)

P

N

/1000 py (95% CI)

HR (95% CI)

P

Total

1174

   

2387

   

2387

   

Unadjusted

 Physical frailty

72/496

14.5

1.89 (1.30–2.73)

0.001

31/1154

2.7

2.59 (1.35–4.98)

0.004

268/1154

21.47 (19.05–24.20)

2.29 (1.86–2.81)

< 0.001

 Mental frailty

36/256

14.1

1.47 (0.97–2.22)

0.068

23/657

3.5

2.95 (1.62–5.37)

< 0.001

174/657

24.60 (21.21–28.55)

2.09 (1.72–2.55)

< 0.001

 Social frailty

28/172

16.3

1.75 (1.11–2.76)

0.015

23/438

5.3

5.09 (2.79–9.28)

< 0.001

117/438

24.76 (20.66–29.68)

1.89 (1.53–2.35)

< 0.001

Adjusted1

 Physical frailty

  

1.49 (1.01–2.20)

0.044

  

1.54 (0.75–3.17)

0.238

  

1.51 (1.21–1.89)

< 0.001

 Mental frailty

  

1.12 (0.71–1.74)

0.629

  

1.68 (0.86–3.26)

0.129

  

1.46 (1.18–1.81)

< 0.001

 Social frailty

  

1.27 (0.83–2.08)

0.331

  

3.43 (1.77–6.65)

< 0.001

  

1.32 (1.05–1.65)

0.018

Unadjusted

 Robust without MF or SF

37/499

7.4

1.00

 

6/884

0.7

1.00

 

88/884

8.64 (7.01–10.65)

1.00

 

 Robust with MF and/or SF

19/179

10.6

1.48 (0.83–2.65)

0.184

7/349

2.0

3.00 (1.00–8.98)

0.050

48/349

11.82 (8.91–15.68)

1.35 (0.95–1.91)

0.099

 Pre-frail or Frail without SF or MF

43/318

13.5

1.95 (1.23–3.11)

0.005

4/626

0.6

0.94 (0.26–3.35)

0.925

103/626

14.82 (12.21–17.97)

1.74 (1.31–2.31)

< 0.001

 Pre-frail or Frail with MF and/or SF

29/178

16.3

2.43 (1.44–4.09)

0.001

27/528

5.1

7.89 (3.23–19.23)

< 0.001

165/528

29.84 (25.62–34.76)

3.48 (2.69–4.51)

< 0.001

Adjusted2

 Robust without MF or SF

  

1.00

   

1.00

   

1.00

 

 Robust with MF and/or SF

  

1.20 (0.66–2.19)

0.555

  

3.91 (1.08–14.10)

0.037

  

1.40 (0.99–2.00)

0.061

 Pre-frail or Frail without SF or MF

  

1.59 (0.98–2.58)

0.059

  

1.33 (0.33–5.41)

0.689

  

1.52 (1.14–2.03)

0.005

 Pre-frail or Frail with MF and/or SF

  

1.65 (0.95–2.87)

0.078

  

7.17 (2.32–22.2)

0.001

  

2.25 (1.70–2.97)

< 0.001

  1. 1Model includes: gender, age, comorbidity, physical frailty, mental frailty and social frailty
  2. 2Model includes: gender, age and comorbidity
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