Table 5 Associations Between Personality Traits and Risk of Performance One Standard Deviation Below the Mean

Neuroticism

1.22 (1.08–1.36)*

1.40 (1.25–1.57)*

1.25 (1.12–1.40)*

1.20 (1.08–1.34)*

1.27 (1.12–1.45)*

Extraversion

.89 (.80–.99)

.83 (.75–.93)*

.85 (.76–.95)*

.83 (.75–.92)*

.88 (.78–1.01)

Openness

.84 (.75–.94)*

.81 (.72–.90)*

.74 (.66–.83)*

.81 (.73–.90)*

.80 (.70–.91)*

Agreeableness

.80 (.72–.89)*

.75 (.67–.83)*

.84 (.75–.93)*

.84 (.76–.93)*

.79 (.69–.91)*

Conscientiousness

.78 (.70–.88)*

.72 (.65–.81)*

.81 (.72–.90)*

.85 (.76–.94)*

.81 (.71–.93)*

Sample size

2817

2808

2808

2816

2457