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Table 1 Basal characteristic, clinical features, empirical antimicrobial treatment and outcomes of included patients and analysis of existing differences between older and non-older patients with a febrile urinary tract infection

From: Characteristics of febrile urinary tract infections in older male adults

Characteristicsa

All patients (nā€‰=ā€‰552)

Older (nā€‰=ā€‰329)

Non-older (nā€‰=ā€‰223)

P value

Baseline conditions

ā€ƒAge (years)

66.1Ā +Ā 16.7

77.3Ā +Ā 7.6

49.5Ā +Ā 12.2

<ā€‰ 0.001

ā€ƒHCA-FUTI

203 (36.8)

177 (53.8)

26 (11.7)s

<ā€‰ 0.001

ā€ƒā€ƒPrevious hospital admission

130 (23.6)

114 (34.7)

16 (7.2)

<ā€‰ 0.001

ā€ƒā€ƒLong term care facility

46 (8.3)

43 (13.1)

3 (1.3)

<ā€‰ 0.001

ā€ƒā€ƒIV home-day hospital treatment

13 (2.4)

9 (2.7)

4 (1.8)

0.47

ā€ƒā€ƒSpecialized nursing care

7 (1.3)

6 (1.8)

1 (0.4)

0.25

ā€ƒā€ƒIndwelling urinary catheter

76 (13.8)

66 (20.1)

10 (4.5)

<ā€‰ 0.001

ā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒLong-term IUC

40 (7.2)

33 (10)

7 (3.1)

0.002

ā€ƒā€ƒā€ƒShort- term IUC

36 (6.5)

33 (10)

3 (1.3)

<ā€‰ 0.001

ā€ƒā€ƒInvasive urinary intrumentation

110 (19.9)

98 (29.8)

12 (5.4)

<ā€‰ 0.001

ā€ƒDementia

64 (11.6)

62 (18.8)

2 (0.9)

<ā€‰ 0.001

ā€ƒDiabetes mellitus

148 (26.8)

113 (34.3)

35 (15.7)

<ā€‰ 0.001

ā€ƒChronic kidney failure

54 (9.8)

49 (14.9)

5 (2.2)

<ā€‰ 0.001

ā€ƒCirrhosis

9 (1.6)

5 (1.5)

4 (1.8)

1

ā€ƒNeoplasia

81 (14.7)

72 (21.9)

9 (4)

<ā€‰ 0.001

ā€ƒHeart failure

8 (1.4)

7 (2.1)

1 (0.4)

0.15

ā€ƒChronic obstructive lung disease

100 (18.1)

90 (27.4)

10 (4.5)

<ā€‰ 0.01

ā€ƒImmunosuppressive or corticosteroid treatment

11 (2)

7 (2.1)

4 (1.8)

1

ā€ƒCharlson score

3.6Ā +Ā 2.5

5.1Ā +Ā 1.7

1.3Ā +Ā 1.6

<ā€‰ 0.001

ā€ƒPrevious UTI

222 (45.5)

152 (53.7)

70 (34.1)

<ā€‰ 0.001

ā€ƒUrinary tract abnormality

339 (61.5)

252 (76.8)

87 (39)

<ā€‰ 0.001

ā€ƒā€ƒBPH

239 (43.4)

187 (57)

52 (23.3)

<ā€‰ 0.001

ā€ƒā€ƒUrogenital cancer

48 (8.8)

44 (13.6)

4 (1.8)

<ā€‰ 0.001

ā€ƒPrevious antibiotic treatment

179 (32.6)

135 (41.3)

44 (19.8)

<ā€‰ 0.001

ā€ƒā€ƒAminopenicillins

60 (11)

42 (13)

18 (8.2)

0.081

ā€ƒā€ƒFluoroquinolones

54 (9.9)

41 (12.7)

13 (5.9)

0.010

ā€ƒā€ƒTGC

16 (2.9)

11 (3.4)

5 (2.3)

0.44

ā€ƒā€ƒFosfomycine

10 (1.8)

9 (2.8)

1 (0.5)

0.055

Clinical presentation

ā€ƒLUTS

359 (65.3)

172 (52.4)

187 (84.2)

<ā€‰ 0.001

ā€ƒFlank pain

89 (16.2)

31 (9.5)

58 (26.1)

<ā€‰ 0.001

Physical examination

ā€ƒTemperature

37.7Ā +Ā 1

37.7Ā +Ā 1.1

37.7Ā +Ā 0.9

0.85

ā€ƒMAP (mmHg)

93.4Ā +Ā 15.3

91.1Ā +Ā 15.3

96.9Ā +Ā 14.7

<ā€‰ 0.001

ā€ƒLumbar tenderness

94 (22.1)

40 (17.3)

54 (27.7)

0.010

ā€ƒProstatic tenderness

81 (42.6)

35 (37.2)

46 (47.9)

0.13

Laboratory

ā€ƒWBC count (leukocytes/mm3)

13,903Ā +Ā 5743

13,348Ā +Ā 5536

14,759Ā +Ā 5961

0.006

ā€ƒCreatinine (mg/dl)

1.2Ā +Ā 0.7

1.4Ā +Ā 0.8

1.1Ā +Ā 0.4

<ā€‰ 0.010

ā€ƒBacteremia

120 (31.6)

92 (38)

28 (20.3)

<ā€‰ 0.010

Treatment

ā€ƒEmpirical treatment with TGC

307 (55.6)

176 (53.5)

131 (58.7)

0.22

ā€ƒEmpirical treatment with carbapenems or PT

59 (10.7)

46 (14)

13 (5.8)

0.002

ā€ƒIEAT

95 (17.2)

69 (21)

26 (11.7)

0.004

ā€ƒOPAT

71 (12.9)

54 (16.4)

17 (7.6)

0.002

Outcomes

ā€ƒSevere sepsis or septic shock

17 (3.1)

12 (3.6)

5 (2.2)

0.35

ā€ƒHospital admission

266 (48.2)

197 (59.9)

69 (30.9)

<ā€‰ 0.001

ā€ƒLength of hospitalisation (days)

2.6Ā +Ā 4.1

3.3Ā +Ā 4.6

1.4Ā +Ā 2.9

<ā€‰ 0.001

ā€ƒLength antimicrobial therapy (days)

16.3Ā +Ā 6.7

16Ā +Ā 7

16.8Ā +Ā 6.5

0.19

ā€ƒAll-cause in-hospital mortality

15 (2.7)

14 (4.3)

1 (0.4)

0.007

ā€ƒAttributable in-hospital mortality

8 (1.4)

8 (2.4)

0

0.024

  1. Abbreviations: BPH Benign prostatic hyperplasia, HCA-FUTI Healthcare-associated febrile urinary tract infection, IEAT Inadequate empirical antimicrobial treatment, IUC Indwelling urinary catheter, LUTS Lower urinary tract symptoms, MAP Mean arterial pressure, OPAT Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy, PT Piperacillin-tazobactam, TGC Third-generation cephalosporins, UTI Urinary tract infections, WBC White blood cell
  2. aData presented as meanĀ +Ā standard deviation (SD) or numbers of patients (percentages)