N | Total | Intervention Group (N = 65) | Control Group (N = 64) | pc | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Female, n (%) | 129 | 90 (69.8) | 44 (67.7) | 46 (71.9) | 0.61 |
Mean age; years, (SD), range | 129 | 82.8 (7.1), 65–96 | 81.6 (7.1), 65–95 | 84.0 (6.8), 67–96 | 0.05 |
Age group, n (%) | 129 | 0.08 | |||
65–69 | 8 (6.2) | 5 (7.7) | 3 (4.7) | ||
70–74 | 9 (7.0) | 5 (7.7) | 4 (6.3) | ||
75–79 | 17 (13.2) | 13 (20.0) | 4 (6.3) | ||
80–84 | 41 (31.8) | 21 (32.3) | 20 (31.3) | ||
85- | 54 (41.9) | 21 (32.3) | 33 (51.6) | ||
Living alone, n (%) | 126 | 104 (80.6) | 53 (84.1) | 51 (81.0) | 0.64 |
Rava indexa,b [29], mean (SD) | 128 | 1.98 (0.61) | 2.19 (0.63) | 1.77 (0.51) | < 0.001 |
MD | 1.83 | 2.08 | 1.59 | ||
MNA Screeningb [30] | 127 | 0.14 | |||
Normal nutritional status (12–14 points), n (%) | 65 (51.2) | 30 (46.9) | 35 (55.6) | ||
At risk of malnutrition (8–11 points), n (%) | 54 (42.5) | 32 (50.0) | 22 (34.9) | ||
Malnourished (0–7 points), n (%) | 8 (6.3) | 2 (3.1) | 6 (9.5) | ||
MMSEb [31] | 126 | 0.44 | |||
25–30 (no cognitive impairment), n (%) | 44 (34.9) | 19 (30.7) | 25 (39.1) | ||
18–24 (mild cognitive impairment), n (%) | 70 (55.6) | 38 (61.3) | 32 (50.0) | ||
0–17 (severe cognitive impairment), n (%) | 12 (9.5) | 5 (8.1) | 7 (10.9) | ||
GDS-15b [32] > 6 (suggestive of depression), n (%) | 127 | 39 (30.7) | 21 (33.3) | 18 (28.1) | 0.52 |
Proportion with orthostatic hypotension [33], n (%) | 106 | 24 (22.6) | 14 (29.2) | 10 (17.2) | 0.14 |
UDI-6 [34], mean (SD) | 126 | 3.2 (4.0) | 3.3 (4.4) | 3.2 (3.6) | 0.92 |
MD | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | ||
AUDIT-C [35], mean (SD) | 128 | 0.9 (1.7) | 1.2 (1.9) | 0.7 (1.5) | 0.59 |
MD | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||
The five-times-sit-to-stand testb [36, 37]. Participants with inability to complete the test, n (%) | 128 | 52 (40.6) | 32 (50.0) | 20 (31.3) | 0.03 |
Medication use | 129 | ||||
Number of regular medications, mean (SD) | 10.1 (3.3) | 10.4 (3.3) | 9.8 (3.2) | 0.25 | |
Number of pro re nata medications, mean (SD) | 3.0 (1.8) | 3.1 (1.7) | 2.9 (1.8) | 0.54 | |
Number of all medications, mean (SD) | 13.1 (4.1) | 13.5 (3.9) | 12.7 (4.3) | 0.25 | |
Number of all medication, classified | 0.53 | ||||
1–6, n (%) | 5 (3.9) | 1 (1.5) | 4 (6.3) | ||
7–9, n (%) | 16 (12.4) | 7 (10.8) | 9 (14.1) | ||
10–15, n (%) | 76 (58.9) | 40 (61.5) | 36 (56.3) | ||
16+, n (%) | 32 (24.8) | 17 (26.2) | 15 (23.4) |