Age group | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
 | Overall sample | 50–64 | 65–79 | P value |
N = 7377 | n = 4372 (59.3%) | n = 3005 (40.7%) | ||
Socio-demographics characteristics | ||||
 Female, n (%) | 3996 (54.2%) | 2349 (53.7%) | 1647 (54.8%) | .360 |
 Age, mean (SD) | 62.6 (8.1) | 56.8 (4.1) | 71 (4.1) | <.001 |
Marital status, n (%) | ||||
 Never married | 380 (5.2%) | 244 (5.6%) | 136 (4.5%) | <.001 |
 Married/remarried | 5190 (70.4%) | 3257 (74.5%) | 1933 (64.3%) |  |
 Separated/divorced | 870 (11.8%) | 632 (14.5%) | 238 (7.9%) |  |
 Widowed | 937 (12.7%) | 239 (5.5%) | 698 (23.2%) |  |
Education level, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | <.001 |
 Low | 2785 (37.8%) | 1304 (29.8%) | 1481 (49.3%) |  |
 Medium | 2269 (30.8%) | 1408 (32.2%) | 861 (28.7%) |  |
 High | 2323 (31.5%) | 1660 (38.0%) | 663 (22.1%) |  |
Quintiles of wealth, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | <.001 |
 Lowest | 1163 (15.8%) | 596 (13.6%) | 567 (18.9%) |  |
 2nd | 1405 (19.1%) | 808 (18.5%) | 597 (19.9%) |  |
 3rd | 1516 (20.6%) | 904 (20.7%) | 612 (20.4%) |  |
 4th | 1625 (22%) | 992 (22.7%) | 633 (21.1%) |  |
 Highest | 1668 (22.6%) | 1072 (24.5%) | 596 (19.8%) |  |
Cardiovascular risk factors | ||||
 High blood pressure, n (%) | 2671 (36.2%) | 1340 (30.6%) | 1331 (44.3%) | <.001 |
 Diabetes, n (%) | 476 (6.5%) | 205 (4.7%) | 271 (9.0%) | <.001 |
 Obesity, n (%) | 1914 (26%) | 1128 (25.8%) | 786 (26.2%) | .732 |
 Currently or past smoking, n (%) | 4711 (63.9%) | 2784 (63.7%) | 1927 (64.1%) | .694 |
 Physical inactivity, n (%) | 1427 (19.3%) | 714 (16.3%) | 713 (23.7%) | <.001 |
Number of cardiovascular risk factors, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | <.001 |
 None | 1172 (15.9%) | 785 (18.0%) | 387 (12.9%) |  |
 One | 2876 (39%) | 1810 (41.4%) | 1066 (35.5%) |  |
 Two | 2014 (27.3%) | 1130 (25.8%) | 884 (29.4%) |  |
 Three or more | 1315 (17.8%) | 647 (14.8%) | 668 (22.2%) |  |
Non-CVDs | ||||
 Chronic lung disease, n (%) | 440 (6%) | 214 (4.9%) | 226 (7.5%) | <.001 |
 Asthma, n (%) | 852 (11.6%) | 519 (11.9%) | 333 (11.1%) | 0.297 |
 Arthritis, n (%) | 2241 (30.4%) | 1129 (25.8%) | 1112 (37.0%) | <.001 |
 Osteoporosis, n (%) | 327 (4.4%) | 132 (3.0%) | 195 (6.5%) | <.001 |
 Cancer, n (%) | 413 (5.6%) | 204 (4.7%) | 209 (7.0%) | <.001 |
Number of non-CVDs, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | <.001 |
 None | 4081 (55.3%) | 2655 (60.7%) | 1426 (47.5%) |  |
 One | 2484 (33.7%) | 1319 (30.2%) | 1165 (38.8%) |  |
 Two or more | 812 (11%) | 398 (9.1%) | 414 (13.8%) |  |
CVDs | ||||
 Angina, n (%) | 629 (8.5%) | 232 (5.3%) | 397 (13.2%) | <.001 |
 Heart attack, n (%) | 379 (5.1%) | 138 (3.2%) | 241 (8.0%) | <.001 |
 Congestive heart failure, n (%) | 48 (0.7%) | 13 (0.3%) | 35 (1.2%) | <.001 |
 Abnormal heart rhythm, n (%) | 431 (5.8%) | 204 (4.7%) | 227 (7.6%) | <.001 |
 Stroke, n (%) | 217 (2.9%) | 74 (1.7%) | 143 (4.8%) | <.001 |
Number of CVDs, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | <.001 |
 None | 6103 (82.7%) | 3868 (88.5%) | 2235 (74.4%) |  |
 One | 945 (12.8%) | 392 (9.0%) | 553 (18.4%) |  |
 Two or more | 329 (4.5%) | 112 (2.6%) | 217 (7.2%) |  |
Missing-data pattern | ||||
 Completer, n (%) | 3924 (53.2%) | 2553 (58.4%) | 1371 (45.6%) | <.001 |
 Non-completer, n (%) | 3453 (46.8%) | 1819 (41.6%) | 1634 (54.4%) |  |
Depression | ||||
 CES-D, mean (SD) | 1.5 (1.9) | 1.4 (2) | 1.5 (1.9) | .005 |
Outcome | ||||
 Immediate recall, mean (SD) | 5.70 (1.63) | 6.06 (1.55) | 5.18 (1.61) | <.001 |
 Delayed recall, mean (SD) | 4.28 (1.99) | 4.74 (1.86) | 3.61 (1.98) | <.001 |
 Total score episodic memory, mean (SD) | 10.0 (3.3) | 10.8 (3.1) | 8.8 (3.3) | <.001 |