Table 4 Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for frailty, unadjusted and adjusted by covariates

Anemia

1.62**[1.39, 1.90]

1.31**[1.09, 1.57]

\

\

Hb concentration

\

\

0.90**[0.87, 0.92]

0.96**[0.93,0.99]

 50–59

ref

ref

 60–69

1.99** [1.69, 2.35]

1.98** [1.68, 2.34]

 70–79

3.22** [2.66, 3.89]

3.19** [2.64, 3.86]

 80+

7.14** [5.45, 9.35]

7.12** [5.43, 9.33]

 Men

ref

ref

 Women

1.23* [1.03, 1.46]

1.18 [0.99, 1.41]

 Urban

ref

ref

 Rural

0.92 [0.62, 1.37]

0.93 [0.62, 1.37]

 No formal education

ref

ref

 Less than primary

0.75** [0.62, 0.91]

0.75**[0.62, 0.92]

 Primary school completed

0.68** [0.56, 0.83]

0.69**[0.56, 0.84]

 Secondary school completed

0.71** [0.56, 0.90]

0.72**[0.57, 0.91]

 High school completed

0.66** [0.50, 0.87]

0.66**[0.50, 0.88]

 College completed and above

0.59* [0.39, 0.89]

0.60*[0.40, 0.91]

 Q1(Lowest)

ref

ref

 Q2

0.87 [0.72, 1.06]

0.87 [0.72, 1.05]

 Q3

0.72** [0.59, 0.89]

0.72**[0.58, 0.89]

 Q4

0.69** [0.55, 0.86]

0.68**[0.58, 0.89]

 Q5(Highest)

0.59** [0.44, 0.78]

0.58**[0.44, 0.77]

 Insufficient

ref

ref

 Sufficient

0.66** [0.57, 0.77]

0.66**[0.57, 0.76]

 Never drinker

ref

ref

 Non-heavy drinkers

0.78* [0.63, 0.97]

0.79*[0.63, 0.97]

 Infrequent heavy drinkers

1.36 [0.72, 2.59]

1.36 [0.71, 2.59]

 Frequent heavy drinkers

0.75 [0.51, 1.09]

0.76 [0.52, 1.10]

 Never smoker

ref

ref

 Not current smoke

1.12 [0.80, 1.56]

1.11 [0.80, 1.56]

 Smoker, not daily

0.97 [0.59, 1.60]

0.98 [0.59, 1.62]

 Current daily smoker

0.93 [0.76, 1.13]

0.93 [0.76, 1.14]

 Lower level

ref

ref

 Moderate level

0.54** [0.46, 0.64]

0.54**[0.46, 0.63]

 High level

0.36** [0.30, 0.42]

0.36**[0.30, 0.42]

Constant

0.23** [0.15, 0.36]

0.46*[0.25, 0.85]