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Table 3 Multivariate regression for DGI-2013 and components (2014) vs. TICS-m 2014 in the WELL study

From: Diet quality and cognitive function in mid-aged and older men and women

 

Total (n = 617)

Men (n = 302)

Women (n = 315)

 

B (95% CI)

B (95% CI)

B (95% CI)

DGI-2013

 Crude

0.03 (0.01, 0.05)*

0.04 (0.01, 0.08)**

− 0.01 (− 0.05, 0.03)

 Adjusted

0.01 (− 0.01, 0.04)

0.03 (0.00, 0.07)*

− 0.01 (− 0.04, 0.03)

Dietary variety

 Crude

0.06 (− 0.20, 0.33)

0.09 (− 0.24, 0.42)

− 0.09 (− 0.44, 0.27)

 Adjusted

0.02 (− 0.21, 0.24)

0.09 (− 0.17, 0.35)

− 0.05 (− 0.36, 0.26)

Vegetable serves

 Crude

0.33 (0.09, 0.57)*

0.23 (− 0.06, 0.52)

0.22 (− 0.15, 0.58)

 Adjusted

0.21 (− 0.01, 0.43)

0.23 (− 0.04, 0.51)

0.21 (− 0.13, 0.55)

Fruit serves

 Crude

0.07 (− 0.15, 0.30)

0.09 (− 0.20, 0.39)

− 0.16 (− 0.75, 0.42)

 Adjusted

− 0.03 (− 0.28, 0.21)

0.11 (− 0.17, 0.40)

− 0.20 (− 0.75, 0.35)

Grain foods serves

 Crude

−0.24 (− 0.52, 0.04)

0.21 (− 0.02, 0.44)

− 0.58 (− 1.00, − 0.16)**

 Adjusted

−0.18 (− 0.46, 0.09)

0.12 (− 0.11, 0.34)

n = 305a

− 0.29 (− 0.74, 0.15)

Wholegrain bread

Crude

“I don’t eat bread/white bread”

ref

ref

ref

“high fibre white/multigrain/other”

1.52 (0.53, 2.51)**

1.28 (0.35, 2.22)**

1.69 (− 0.05, 3.43)

“Wholemeal/rye”

1.26 (0.26, 2.27)*

0.47 (− 0.90, 1.83)

2.15 (0.63, 3.66)**

Adjusted

“I don’t eat bread/white bread”

n = 605

refa

n = 294

refa

ref

“high fibre white/multigrain/other”

1.32 (0.42, 2.23)*

1.06 (−0.01, 2.12)

1.35 (− 0.36, 3.06)

“Wholemeal/rye”

0.83 (−0.12, 1.79)

0.47 (− 0.75, 1.70)

1.25 (− 0.18, 2.69)

Meat and alternatives serves

 Crude

0.16 (− 0.16, 0.48)

0.11 (−0.26, 0.49)

0.13 (− 0.33, 0.59)

 Adjusted

0.11 (− 0.15, 0.38)

0.12 (− 0.21, 0.46)

0.11 (− 0.27, 0.50)

Dairy serves

 Crude

0.11 (− 0.05, 0.27)

0.29 (0.04, 0.53)

− 0.08 (− 0.37, 0.21)

 Adjusted

0.12 (− 0.06, 0.30)

0.24 (− 0.01, 0.48)

0.03 (− 0.32, 0.37)

Fluid serves

 Crude

0.09 (−0.02, 0.20)

0.20 (0.09, 0.31)**

−0.06 (− 0.24, 0.12)

 Adjusted

0.05 (−0.06, 0.16)

0.14 (0.01, 0.27)*

−0.01 (− 0.20, 0.18)

Discretionary foods serves

 Crude

−0.05 (− 0.20, 0.11)

0.02 (− 0.11, 0.15)

0.07 (− 0.24, 0.38)

 Adjusted

0.06 (− 0.10, 0.22)

0.06 (− 0.07, 0.19)

0.07 (− 0.25, 0.38)

Trimming fat from meat

Crude

“Never/rarely”

ref

ref

ref

“Sometimes”

0.48 (−0.87, 1.83)

0.77 (− 0.58, 2.12)

− 0.02 (−2.60, 2.55)

“Usually/always/I don’t eat meat”

0.74 (− 0.21, 1.68)

0.25 (− 0.85, 1.36)

0.87 (− 0.31, 2.04)

Adjusted

“Never/rarely”

ref

ref

ref

“Sometimes”

0.77 (−0.60, 2.13)

1.18 (− 0.18, 2.53)

− 0.01 (−2.60, 2.58)

“Usually/always/I don’t eat meat”

0.38 (− 0.30, 1.06)

0.28 (− 0.63, 1.19)

0.48 (− 0.71, 1.68)

Type of milk drunk

Crude

“Whole”

ref

ref

ref

“Don’t know/soy”

−0.37 (−1.66, 0.92)

− 0.76 (−2.54, 1.02)

−0.94 (− 2.86, 0.98)

“I don’t drink milk/low fat/skim”

0.52 (− 0.14, 1.18)

0.50 (− 0.39, 1.38)

0.17 (− 0.89, 1.23)

Adjusted

“Whole”

ref

ref

ref

“Don’t know/soy”

−0.90 (−2.20, 0.39)

− 0.91 (− 2.45, 0.63)

−0.99 (− 2.85, 0.87)

“I don’t drink milk/low fat/skim”

0.23 (− 0.46, 0.92)

0.48 (− 0.35, 1.31)

−0.03 (− 1.09, 1.03)

Unsaturated fat oils and spreads serves

 Crude

0.21 (−0.16, 0.58)

−0.04 (− 0.54, 0.46)

0.61 (0.19, 1.02)**

 Adjusted

0.16 (−0.16, 0.48)

− 0.05 (− 0.47, 0.37)

n = 314a

0.41 (− 0.02, 0.84)

Salt added after cooking

Crude

“Never”

ref

ref

ref

“Sometimes”

−0.03 (− 0.70, 0.65)

−0.52 (−1.50, 0.45)

0.44 (− 0.58, 1.47)

“Usually”

− 0.17 (− 1.02, 0.68)

−0.73 (− 2.21, 0.74)

0.58 (− 0.38, 1.54)

Adjusted

“Never”

ref

ref

ref

“Sometimes”

0.07 (−0.59, 0.73)

−0.27 (−1.29, 0.76)

0.41 (− 0.58, 1.40)

“Usually”

0.11 (− 0.79, 1.00)

−0.32 (− 1.83, 1.18)

0.54 (− 0.33, 1.41)

Salt added during cooking

Crude

“Never”

ref

ref

ref

“Sometimes”

−0.49 (−1.29, 0.32)

− 0.88 (− 1.88, 0.13)

−0.11 (− 1.24, 1.02)

“Usually”

−1.41 (−2.51, − 0.30)*

−1.95 (−3.12, − 0.78)**

−0.78 (− 2.24, 0.68)

“Don’t know”

−1.45 (−4.15, 1.25)

−1.03 (− 3.82, 1.76

n/a

Adjusted

n = 612

n = 294

 

“Never”

refa

refa

ref

“Sometimes”

−0.49 (−1.14, 0.16)

−0.65 (− 1.48, 0.18)

−0.13 (− 1.26, 0.99)

“Usually”

−1.12 (−2.04, − 0.19)

−1.37 (− 2.39, − 0.35)*

−0.47 (− 1.70, 0.76)

“Don’t know”

− 0.93 (− 2.98, 1.13)

−0.91 (− 3.04, 1.21)

n/a

High sugar food serves

 Crude

−0.41 (− 0.83, 0.01)

−0.22 (− 0.60, 0.16)

−0.35 (− 1.55, 0.85)

 Adjusted

− 0.18 (− 0.57, 0.21)

−0.07 (− 0.44, 0.30)

−0.42 (− 1.44, 0.60)

Alcohol serves

 Crude

0.07 (−0.15, 0.29)

0.15 (−0.12, 0.43)

0.42 (− 0.12, 0.96)

 Adjusted

n = 613a

0.14 (−0.117, 0.46)

0.20 (− 0.14, 0.54)

0.55 (− 0.11, 1.21)

  1. Adjusted for age (sex – total only) + education + urban/rural + clustering by postcode + total physical activity (T1)
  2. DGI-2013 Dietary Guideline Index, TICS-m Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status
  3. aResults presented with outliers removed, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01