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Table 2 Descriptions of outcomes and associated measurement scale

From: Peer-to-peer support model to improve quality of life among highly vulnerable, low-income older adults in Cape Town, South Africa

Outcome

Measurement Scale

Well-being

WHO-5 Well-being index

Scale: 0 None of the time – 5 All of the time

Items:

1. I have felt cheerful and in good spirits

2. I have felt calm and relaxed

3. I have felt active and vigorous

4. I woke up feeling refreshed and rested

5. My daily life has been filled with things that interest me

Total score: 0–25 (low to high wellbeing) × 4 = % score

Change in 10% or more over time is significant change in wellbeing

Emotional and informational support

MOS-SS 8 (education and informational support scale)

Scale: 0 None of the time – 5 All of the time

Items

1. Someone you can count on to listen to you when you need to talk

2. Someone to give you information to help you understand a situation

3. Someone to give you good advice about a crisis

4. Someone to confide in or talk to about yourself or your problems

5. Someone whose advice you really want

6. Someone to share your most private worries and fears with

7. Someone to turn to for suggestions about how to deal with a personal problem

8. Someone who understands your problems

Total score: 0–40 (low to high social support)

Score of 32 and above indicates satisfactory support

Selected InterRAI CheckUp Variables and Associated Measurement Scales

 Mood

In the last 3 days, how often have you felt…

1. Little interest or pleasure in things you normally enjoy

2. Anxious, restless or uneasy

3. Sad, depressed or hopeless

0 – do not feel this way in past 3 days

1 – often feel this way but not in past 3 days

2 – 1 to 2 days in the past 3 days

3 – daily in past 3 days

 Loneliness

0 – Not lonely

1 – Lonely only in certain situations

2 – Lonely occasionally

3 – Lonely frequently

4 – Lonely daily

 Participation in Activities of Long-standing Interest

0 – Never

1 – More than 30 days ago

2 – 8-30 days ago

3 – 4-7 days ago

4 – In the last 3 days

 Reduced Social Interactions

0 – do not feel this way in past 3 days

1 – often feel this way but not in past 3 days

2 – 1 to 2 days in the past 3 days

3 – daily in past 3 days

 Stamina – Physical Activity Level

0 – none in past 3 days

1 – less than 1 h in past 3 days

2 – 1-2 h in past 3 days

3 – 3-4 h in past 3 days

4 – more than 4 h in past 3 days

 Falls

Yes/No fall in the past 90 days