Association between anemia and cognitive decline among Chinese middle-aged and elderly: evidence from the China health and retirement longitudinal study

Table 4 Sensitivity analyses of the relationship between Cognitive measures and Anemia^a

Methods	Outcome variable	Cross-sectional analyses		Longitudinal analyses
Methods	Outcome variable	β (95%CI)	p-value	β (95%CI)	p-value
1:4 PSM	Global Cognition	−0.47(− 0.69, − 0.25)	< 0.001	−0.22(− 0.44, − 0.01)	0.038
	Episodic Memory	−0.14(− 0.24, − 0.05)	0.004	−0.15(− 0.25, − 0.05)	0.003
	TICS	−0.22(− 0.38, − 0.05)	0.009	−0.04(− 0.21, 0.12)	0.590
80 < MCV < 100	Global Cognition	−0.48(− 0.71, − 0.24)	< 0.001	−0.31(− 0.54, − 0.08)	0.009
	Episodic Memory	−0.13(− 0.23, − 0.03)	0.014	−0.14(− 0.25, − 0.03)	0.016
	TICS	−0.20(− 0.37, − 0.03)	0.023	−0.10(− 0.27, 0.08)	0.266
BMI ≥ 18.5	Global Cognition	−0.42(− 0.63, − 0.21)	< 0.001	−0.22(− 0.42, − 0.02)	0.030
	Episodic Memory	−0.13(− 0.22, − 0.04)	0.005	−0.15(− 0.25, − 0.06)	0.002
	TICS	−0.17(− 0.32, − 0.02)	0.031	−0.03(− 0.19, 0.12)	0.653

BMI Body mass index, MCV Mean corpuscular volume, eGFR Estimated glomerular function rate, CI Confidence interval, PSM Propensity Scoring Matching, TICS Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status
Notes:^a Anemia was defined as hemoglobin concentrations lower than 13 g/dl for men and lower than 12 g/dl for women; All sensitivity analyses were conducted with the Cognitive Test Scores as the outcome and the baseline dichotomous anemia as the independent variable; All the analyses were adjusted for age, education level, marital status, BMI, cigarette smoking status, alcohol consumption, C reactive protein, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, chronic pain, MCV, eGFR and associated comorbidities (cancer, kidney, stroke, heart, lung, hypertension, diabetes);

ISSN: 1471-2318