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Table 1 Baseline participant characteristics by anemia statusa, CHARLS (Visit 1, 2011-2012y, N = 10,918)

From: Association between anemia and cognitive decline among Chinese middle-aged and elderly: evidence from the China health and retirement longitudinal study

Variable

Total (N = 10,918)

Non-anemia (N = 9513)

Anemia (N = 1404)

p-valueb

Age (years), mean (SD)

59.13 (9.66)

58.81 (9.36)

61.31 (11.26)

< 0.0001

Male, %(n)

45.79 (4999)

46.72 (4444)

39.53 (555)

< 0.0001

Hemoglobin (g/dL), mean (SD)

14.37 (2.20)

14.82 (1.93)

11.27 (1.24)

< 0.0001

Alcohol consumption, %(n)

0.0026

 Never

30.67 (3349)

31.13 (2961)

27.64 (388)

 

 Occasional

7.72 (843)

7.83 (745)

6.98 (98)

 

 Current

61.60 (6726)

61.04 (5807)

65.38 (918)

 

Smoking status, %(n)

< 0.0001

 Never

61.01 (6661)

60.20 (5727)

66.45 (933)

 

 Occasional

9.13 (997)

9.19 (874)

8.76 (123)

 

 Current

29.86 (3260)

30.61 (2912)

24.79 (348)

 

Marital status, %(n)

0.0643

 Married

88.64 (9678)

88.84 (8451)

87.32 (1226)

 

 Divorced

0.64 (70)

0.69 (66)

0.28 (4)

 

 Widowed

9.99 (1091)

9.74 (927)

11.68 (164)

 

 Single

0.72 (79)

0.73 (69)

0.71 (10)

 

Education, %(n)

< 0.0001

 Illiterate

28.60 (3132)

27.83 (2647)

34.54 (485)

 

 Elementary school

40.91 (4467)

40.65 (3867)

42.66 (599)

 

 Middle school

19.88 (2171)

20.47 (1947)

15.95 (224)

 

 High school

10.01 (1093)

10.56 (1005)

6.27 (88)

 

 Graduate or above

0.50 (55)

0.49 (47)

0.57 (8)

 

BMI degree, %(n)

< 0.0001

 Underweight

5.93 (552)

5.28 (426)

10.29 (126)

 

 Normal weight

53.04 (4933)

52.36 (4228)

57.55 (705)

 

 Overweight

30.05 (2795)

30.89 (2494)

24.49 (300)

 

 Obesity

10.98 (1021)

11.48 (927)

7.67 (94)

 

CES-D 10, mean (SD)

8.61 (6.42)

8.53 (6.39)

9.20 (6.56)

0.0003

Hypertension, %(n)

4.53 (495)

4.76 (453)

2.99 (42)

0.0029

Diabetes, %(n)

15.18 (1657)

15.18 (1444)

15.17 (213)

0.9936

Abdominal Adiposity, %(n)

45.46 (4963)

46.16 (4391)

40.74 (572)

< 0.0001

Suffering chronic pain, %(n)

25.95 (2829)

25.69 (2441)

27.62 (387)

0.1242

Dyslipidemia,%(n)

44.09 (4814)

45.29 (4308)

36.04 (506)

< 0.0001

Hs-CRP (mg/l),median (IQR)

1.06 (0.55~2.27)

1.07 (0.58~2.26)

0.94 (0.51~2.43)

0.6475

Mean corpuscular volume, mean (SD)

90.56 (8.58)

91.22 (7.76)

86.11 (11.93)

< 0.0001

Hdl Cholesterol (mg/dl), mean (SD)

50.93 (15.16)

50.72 (15.07)

52.33 (15.68)

< 0.0001

eGFR, mean (SD)

92.54 (23.51)

92.61 (22.88)

92.11 (27.38)

0.3577

  1. Hs-CRP High-sensitivity of C-reactive protein, eGFR Estimated glomerular function rate, CES-D 10 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score
  2. Notes: a Anemia was defined as hemoglobin concentrations lower than 13 g/dl for men and lower than 12 g/dl for women;
  3. bcompared between anemia and non-anemia group