Impact of a delirium prevention project among older hospitalized patients who underwent orthopedic surgery: a retrospective cohort study

Table 1 Comparison of demographic characteristics of the intervention and non-Intervention groups

	Control (n = 274)	Intervention (n = 275)	P Values
Demographic
Age (years)	73.6 (6.2)	73.8 (6.3)	0.660
Age ≥ 70	190 (69.3%)	197 (71.6%)	0.556
Age ≥ 80	43 (15.7%)	49 (17.8%)	0.505
Sex (male/female)	78/196	85/190	0.531
Body mass index (kg/m²)	25.0 (3.6)	25.6 (5.9)	0.188
ASA class^a	2.06 (0.6)	2.16 (0.598)	0.050
Number of medications	5.3 (4.1)	5.3 (4.1)	0.953
Existence of dementia medication^b	7 (2.6%)	6 (2.2%)	0.774
Number of diseases^c	1.11 (0.79)	1.13 (0.90)	0.728
Type of anesthesia (general/others)	148/126	144/131	0.698
Educational level^d
(High/Middle/Low)	58/124/92	52/130/93	0.684
Living situation (home/institutionalization)	272/2	272/3	1.000
Marital status (married/others) ^e	204/70	197/78	0.457
Operation site			0.301
Spine	74 (27.0%)	67 (24.4%)
Knee	62 (22.6%)	76 (27.6%)
Hip	59 (21.5%)	58 (21.1%)
Shoulder	27 (9.9%)	40 (14.5%)
Others	52 (19.0%)	34 (12.4%)
Outcomes
Hospital stay (days)	9.1 (9.6)	8.0 (8.1)	0.167
In-hospital mortality	5 (1.8%)	1 (0.4%)	0.123
ICU admission	10 (3.6%)	6 (2.2%)	0.325
Discharge site (home/others)	212/57	228/46	0.191

Data are presented as mean (SD) or number (%)
ASA indicates American Society of Anesthesiologists
^aData were missing for 71 patients
^bDementia medication was defined as donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, and memantine
^cNumber of diseases included hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, cancer, and Parkinson’s disease
^dEducational level was categorized as high (college graduate and higher), middle (middle-school graduate and higher), and low (elementary graduate and lower)
^eMarital status was categorized as married and others, including single, widowed, divorced, and others

ISSN: 1471-2318