Table 1 Characteristics of the studies and study patients
Author (year); Country | Drug (dose) | Duration of Therapy (days) | Study design / (blinding) | Reason for surgery | Patients N | Age Mean (SD) unless otherwise indicated | Male gender N (%) | Scale used to assess delirium | Mean (SD) duration of surgery (minutes) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I | C | I | C | I | C | I | C | I | C | |||||
Artemiou (2015); Slovakia [30] | Melatonin (5 mg) | No treatment | 5 | Prospective observational (none) | Cardiac | 250 | 250 | 64.3 (±10.1) | 65.2 (±10.3) | 179 (71.6) | 171 (68.4) | CAM-ICU | NR | NR |
de Jonghe (2014); The Netherlands [29] | Melatonin (3 mg) | Placebo | 5 | RCT (double) | Hip fracture | 186 | 192 | Mean (SD) 84.1 (±8) | Mean (SD) 83.4 (±7.5) | 53 (28.5) | 62 (32.3) | DSM-IV | NR | NR |
Miyata (2017); Japan [31] | Ramelteon (8 mg) | Placebo | 7 | Retrospective chart review (none) | Pulmonary resection | 24 | 58 | 79 (70–89)a | Median (Range) 76.5 (70–87) | 21 (88) | 43 (74) | ICDSC | 293 (±108) | 280 (±91.4) |
Nickkholgh (2011); Germany [32] | Melatonin (50 mg/kg) | Placebo | 1 | RCT (double) | Liver resection | 25 | 23 | Mean (SD) 59 (±10) | Mean (SD) 56 (±11) | 17 (68) | 11 (48) | NR | 202 (±80) | 212 (±79) |
Sultan (2010); Egypt [33] | Melatonin (5 mg) | No treatment | 2 | RCT (double) | Hip arthroplasty | 53 | 49 | Mean (SD) 70.4 (±7.1) | Mean (SD) 72.3 (±6.4) | 24 (45.3) | 22 (44.9) | AMT | 126.8 (±44.9) | 119.7 (±36.7) |
Yamaguchi (2014); Japan [33]b | Ramelteon (8 mg) | Placebo | 4 | RCT (double) | Total knee arthroplasty | 22 | 23 | ≥70 | ≥70 | NR | NR | ICDSC | NR | NR |