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Table 2 Independent correlates for mortality in elder patients with hip fracture—multivariate time-dependent Cox regression analysis*

From: Adherence to anti-osteoporosis medication associated with lower mortality following hip fracture in older adults: a nationwide propensity score-matched cohort study

 

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

 

HR (95% CI)

p-value

HR (95% CI)

p-value

Osteoporotic drug usage status

 Without osteoporotic drug

Reference group

–

Reference group

–

 MPR < 80%

0.91 (0.818–1.011)

0.0804

0.835 (0.748–0.932)

0.0012

 MPR ≥ 80%

0.401 (0.32–0.503)

<.0001

0.406 (0.322–0.511)

<.0001

Age

1.062 (1.054–1.07)

<.0001

1.064 (1.055–1.072)

<.0001

Gender

 Male

Reference group

 

Reference group

 

 Female

0.746 (0.663–0.839)

<.0001

0.776 (0.684–0.88)

<.0001

Location

 North

Reference group

 

Reference group

 

 Middle

1.163 (1.025–1.321)

0.0192

1.066 (0.919–1.236)

0.4006

 Southern

0.979 (0.861–1.114)

0.7523

1.067 (0.926–1.23)

0.367

 East

1.169 (0.899–1.522)

0.2442

1.047 (0.778–1.408)

0.7639

Urbanization level

 Metropolitan areas

Reference group

 

Reference group

 

 Satellite cities or towns

1.146 (0.991–1.326)

0.0657

1.163 (1–1.352)

0.0498

 Rural areas

1.202 (1.067–1.355)

0.0026

1.204 (1.05–1.38)

0.0076

Charlson comorbidity index

 0

Reference group

 

Reference group

 

 1

1.356 (1.134–1.622)

0.0009

1.266 (1.048–1.529)

0.0146

  ≥ 2

2.349 (2.018–2.733)

<.0001

1.727 (1.429–2.086)

<.0001

Comorbidity

 Diabetes

1.206 (1.084–1.342)

0.0006

1.242 (1.094–1.409)

0.0008

 Hypertension

1.008 (0.908–1.117)

0.8874

0.898 (0.803–1.004)

0.0591

 Cerebrovascular disease

1.308 (1.172–1.46)

<.0001

1.063 (0.941–1.2)

0.3256

 Heart disease

1.246 (1.113–1.395)

0.0001

1 (0.886–1.128)

0.9996

 Cancer

3.621 (2.812–4.662)

<.0001

2.521 (1.907–3.334)

<.0001

 Chronic liver disease

1.22 (1.001–1.486)

0.0485

1.194 (0.968–1.471)

0.0978

 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1.759 (1.568–1.975)

<.0001

1.311 (1.151–1.493)

<.0001

 Chronic kidney disease

1.891 (1.627–2.198)

<.0001

1.787 (1.518–2.104)

<.0001

 Hyperlipidemia

0.658 (0.556–0.778)

<.0001

0.629 (0.524–0.755)

<.0001

Type of hip fracture

 Neck

Reference group

 

Reference group

 

 Cervical

1.124 (0.944–1.339)

0.1896

1.098 (0.921–1.31)

0.2979

 Trochanteric

1.163 (1.041–1.3)

0.0075

1.04 (0.929–1.164)

0.5001

Prescribed by medical specialty

 Orthopedics

Reference group

 

Reference group

 

 Non-orthopedics

1.053 (0.948–1.169)

0.3387

0.96 (0.861–1.071)

0.4624

  1. HR hazards ratio; CI confidence interval
  2. *Stepwise model selection method was used for multivariate analysis