DSM-5 | ICD-10 | |
---|---|---|
Attention | Disturbance in ability to direct, focus, sustain, or shift attention. | Reduced ability to focus, sustain, or shift attention. |
Awareness | Disturbance in awareness environmental orientation. | Clouding of consciousness, that is, reduced clarity of awareness of the environment. |
Timing / Fluctuation | Develops quickly (hours to days) and represents a change from baseline and fluctuates over a day. | Rapid onset and fluctuations of the symptoms over the course of the day. |
Memory Deficit | An additional disturbance in cognition (e.g. memory deficit, disorientation, language, visuospatial ability, or perception). | Disturbance of cognition, manifest by both: (1) impairment of immediate recall and recent memory, with relatively intact remote memory; (2) disorientation in time, place, or person. |
Psychomotor Deficit | None | At least one of the following psychomotor disturbances: (1) rapid unpredictable shifts from hypoactivity to hyperactivity; (2) increased reaction time; (3) increased or decreased flow of speech; (4) enhanced startle reaction. |
Sleep Disturbance | None | Disturbance of sleep or the sleep/wake cycle, manifest by at least one of the following: (1) insomnia, which in severe cases may involve total sleep loss, with or without daytime drowsiness, or reversal of the sleep/wake cycle; (2) nocturnal worsening of symptoms; (3) disturbing dreams and nightmares that may continue as hallucinations or illusions after awakening. |
Corroborating Data | There is evidence from the history, physical examination or laboratory findings that the disturbance is a direct physiological consequence of another medical condition, substance intoxication or withdrawal, or exposure to a toxin, or is due to multiple etiologies. | Objective evidence from history, physical and neurological examination, or laboratory tests of an underlying cerebral or systemic disease (other than psychoactive substance-related) that can be presumed to be responsible for the clinical manifestations. |
Other Cognitive Disorders | Not better explained by a pre-existing, established or evolving neurocognitive disorder and do not occur in the context of a severely reduced level of arousal, such as coma. | None |