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Table 1 Demographics, characteristics and outcomes based on age group in fall-related injured patients

From: Females fall more from heights but males survive less among a geriatric population: insights from an American level 1 trauma center

Variable

Age 60–69

Age 70–79

Age ≥ 80

P

Total (N = 2181)

584(27%)

570(26%)

1027(47%)

 

White (N = 1826)

450 (77.1%)

456 (80.0%)

920 (89.6%)

0.001

Black (N = 93)

43 (7.4%)

28 (4.9%)

22 (2.1%)

Hispanic (N = 116)

48 (8.4%)

29 (5.1%)

39 (3.8%)

Alcohol consumption (N*** = 231, 10.6%)

38 (6.5%)

34 (6.0%)

43 (4.2%)

0.001

NISS*

14.43, 12.0 (1–75)

15.93, 12.0 (1–75)

14.96, 12.0 (1–75)

0.001

ISS*

10.82, 9.0, (1–75)

11.99, 9.0, (1–75)

11.73, 9.0, (1–50)

0.001

Shock index**

0.62 ± 0.16

0.61 ± 0.19

0.60 ± 0.16

0.001

TRISS**

0.9258 ± 0.139

0.9085 ± 0.162

0.920 ± 0.141

0.001

Year

 2012 (N = 438, 20.1%)

114 (19.5%)

127 (22.3%)

197 (19.2%)

0.372

 2013 (N = 448, 20.5%)

119 (20.4%)

115 (20.2%)

214 (20.8%)

 2014 (N = 430, 19.7%)

125 (21.4%)

114 (20.0%)

191 (18.6%)

 2015 (N = 417, 19.1%)

115 (19.7%)

97 (17.0%)

205 (20.0%)

 2016 (N = 448, 20.5%)

111 (19.0%)

117 (20.5%)

220 (21.4%)

Place of trauma

 Public (N = 156)(27.1%)

32 (33.3%)

15 (14.9%)

16 (8.05)

0.001

 Residence (N = 420) (72.9%)

64 (66.7%)

86 (85.1%)

185 (92.0%)

 Fall Height in meter*

8.67, 8.0, (1–40)

7.69, 6.0, (1–30)

5.45, 3.0, (1–40)

0.001

Glasgow coma scale

 Mild (>  12),N = 1957

531 (91.2%)

506 (88.9%)

920 (90.1%)

0.243

 Moderate (8–12),N = 76

17 (2.9%)

19 (3.3%)

40 (3.9%)

 Severe (<  8), N = 139

34 (5.8%)

44 (7.7%)

61 (6.0%)

Max AIS**

 Head

3.03 (1.18)

3.2 (1.22)

3.06 (1.25)

0.199

 Upper extremities

1.89 (.56)

1.87 (.54)

1.77 (.57)

0.040

 Lower extremities

2.16 (.65)

2.34 (.75)

2.46 (.75)

0.001

 Spine

2.39 (.80)

2.5 (.77)

2.4 (.64)

0.508

Diabetes mellitus (N = 536)(25%)

141 (24.1%)

172 (30.2%)

223 (21.7%)

0.001

Rib injury (N = 369) (16.9%)

104 (17.8%)

88 (15.4%)

177 17.2%)

0.001

Blood Transfusion (N = 321) (6.3%)

71 (13.5%)

70 (13.6%)

180 (19.3%)

0.003

Hospital stay, days*

8.10, 5.0, (1–95)

9.8, 6.0, (1–302)

7.95, 6.0, (1–96)

0.001

Mortality (N = 28 (8.7%)

5 (3.6%)

11 (11.3%)

12 (14%)

0.001

  1. * = mean, median and range. ** = mean and standard deviation, ***N = number of patients