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Table 5 Unadjusted and adjusted mean between-group differences in the primary and secondary outcomes

From: An augmented prescribed exercise program (APEP) to improve mobility of older acute medical patients – a randomized, controlled pilot and feasibility trial

Outcome measure

Intervention group, n = 17

Control group, n = 18

Unadjusted between-group differences

Adjusted between-group differences*

ES

Baseline

Follow-up

Change

Baseline

Follow-up

Change

mean (95% CI)

p

mean (95% CI)

p

DEMMI, mean (SD)

49.4 (16.0)

57.2 (17.0)

7.8 (12.7)

52.9 (11.1)

55.7 (11.3)

2.8 (9.1)

5.0 (−2.5 to 12.6)

0.18

4.1 (0.4 to 7.8)

0.26

0.45

HABAM, mean (SD)

19.1 (4.7)

20.3 (4.9)

1.2 (3.5)

19.9 (4.4)

20.9 (4.0)

1.0 (2.1)

0.2 (−1.8 to 2.2)

0.86

0 (−0.9 to 0.9)

0.99

0.07

TUG, mean (SD)

28.6 (13.2)

22.8 (12.2)

−5.8 (6.6)

24.9 (11.1)

22.4 (9.5)

−2.5 (5.9)

3.3 (−1.0 to 7.6)

0.13

2.5 (0.4 to 4.6)

0.21

0.53

Gait speed, mean (SD)

0.53 (0.17)

0.65 (0.20)

0.12 (0.20)

0.60 (0.19)

0.64 (0.28)

0.04 (0.15)

0.07 (−0.05 to 0.19)

0.22

0.07 (0.01 to 0.13)

0.25

0.45

6-min walk test, mean (SD)

154.5 (59.6)

194.9 (85.8)

40.4 (80.9)

167.7 (79.4)

170.8 (79.9)

3.1 (37.7)

37.4 (−5.6 to 80.4)

0.09

34.7 (13.7 to 55.7)

0.11

0.60

Frailty Index, mean (SD)

0.46 (0.20)

0.40 (0.19)

−0.05 (0.12)

0.46 (0.14)

0.41 (0.15)

−0.04 (0.08)

0.01 (−0.06 to 0.08)

0.72

0.01 (−0.02 to 0.05)

0.72

0.01

FES-I, median (IQR)

31 (22–57)

30 (22–52)

0 (−7–5)

31 (26–45)

31 (25–46)

0 (−4–4)

2.4 (− 5.5 to 10.3)

0.92

#

#

0.01

FAC, median (IQR)

4 (3–4)

4 (4–4)

0 (0–0)

4 (3–4)

4 (3–4)

0 (0–0)

0 (− 0.4 to 0.4)

0.81

#

#

0.04

  1. Abbreviations: n = number, ES = effect size, CI = confidence interval, IQR = interquartile range, DEMMI = de Morton Mobility Index, HABAM = Hierarchical Assessment of Balance and Mobility, TUG = timed up and go test, FES-I = Falls Efficacy Scale – International, FAC = Functional Ambulation Categories
  2. *Adjusted for baseline values of the respective outcome measure