Outcome measure | Intervention group, n = 17 | Control group, n = 18 | Unadjusted between-group differences | Adjusted between-group differences* | ES | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | Follow-up | Change | Baseline | Follow-up | Change | mean (95% CI) | p | mean (95% CI) | p | ||
DEMMI, mean (SD) | 49.4 (16.0) | 57.2 (17.0) | 7.8 (12.7) | 52.9 (11.1) | 55.7 (11.3) | 2.8 (9.1) | 5.0 (−2.5 to 12.6) | 0.18 | 4.1 (0.4 to 7.8) | 0.26 | 0.45 |
HABAM, mean (SD) | 19.1 (4.7) | 20.3 (4.9) | 1.2 (3.5) | 19.9 (4.4) | 20.9 (4.0) | 1.0 (2.1) | 0.2 (−1.8 to 2.2) | 0.86 | 0 (−0.9 to 0.9) | 0.99 | 0.07 |
TUG, mean (SD) | 28.6 (13.2) | 22.8 (12.2) | −5.8 (6.6) | 24.9 (11.1) | 22.4 (9.5) | −2.5 (5.9) | 3.3 (−1.0 to 7.6) | 0.13 | 2.5 (0.4 to 4.6) | 0.21 | 0.53 |
Gait speed, mean (SD) | 0.53 (0.17) | 0.65 (0.20) | 0.12 (0.20) | 0.60 (0.19) | 0.64 (0.28) | 0.04 (0.15) | 0.07 (−0.05 to 0.19) | 0.22 | 0.07 (0.01 to 0.13) | 0.25 | 0.45 |
6-min walk test, mean (SD) | 154.5 (59.6) | 194.9 (85.8) | 40.4 (80.9) | 167.7 (79.4) | 170.8 (79.9) | 3.1 (37.7) | 37.4 (−5.6 to 80.4) | 0.09 | 34.7 (13.7 to 55.7) | 0.11 | 0.60 |
Frailty Index, mean (SD) | 0.46 (0.20) | 0.40 (0.19) | −0.05 (0.12) | 0.46 (0.14) | 0.41 (0.15) | −0.04 (0.08) | 0.01 (−0.06 to 0.08) | 0.72 | 0.01 (−0.02 to 0.05) | 0.72 | 0.01 |
FES-I, median (IQR) | 31 (22–57) | 30 (22–52) | 0 (−7–5) | 31 (26–45) | 31 (25–46) | 0 (−4–4) | 2.4 (− 5.5 to 10.3) | 0.92 | # | # | 0.01 |
FAC, median (IQR) | 4 (3–4) | 4 (4–4) | 0 (0–0) | 4 (3–4) | 4 (3–4) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (− 0.4 to 0.4) | 0.81 | # | # | 0.04 |