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Table 4 Risk factors for food insecurity in single older adults

From: Objective and perceived food environment and household economic resources related to food insecurity in older adults living alone in rural areas

Risk factors

Odds ratio

95% Confidence interval

Economic indices

 Housing fee (%expenditure)

1.021

1.008

1.034

Food environmental indices

 Food purchasing at super supermarketa

0.398

0.166

0.951

 Having difficulties in food purchasing due to food stores far from homea

14.487

5.139

40.842

 Non-purchasing of foodsb

5.946

1.659

21.311

 Having difficulties in food purchasing due to inconvenience bus routea

0.083

0.015

0.460

  1. Odds ratios and 95% confidence limits of risk factors for households’ food insecurity
  2. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analysis was used and independent variables included all the variables listed as demographic, economic (%proportion for expenditure), and food environment characteristics. A stepwise approach was applied to select the most explainable risk factors in the model (α = 0.15)
  3. a Reference group was subjects who responded “no” to the question
  4. b Reference group was subjects who purchased foods without difficulties in food purchasing due to food stores far from home