Can brief telephone interventions reduce caregiver burden and depression in caregivers of people with cognitive impairment? - long-term results of the German day-care study (RCT)

Donath, Carolin; Luttenberger, Katharina; Graessel, Elmar; Scheel, Jennifer; Pendergrass, Anna; Behrndt, Elisa-Marie

doi:10.1186/s12877-019-1207-y

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants of the German Day-Care Study for the sample with 12-months follow-up data (n = 304)

From: Can brief telephone interventions reduce caregiver burden and depression in caregivers of people with cognitive impairment? - long-term results of the German day-care study (RCT)

Characteristics	Intervention group	Control group	Test for group differences
Characteristics	(n = 173)	(n = 131)	(p)
Caregiver (CG)
Age, M (SD)	60.0 (11.8)	59.0 (11.3)	.463^a
Women, no. (%)	128 (74.0)	99 (75.6)	.753^b
Educational attainment (yrs.), M (SD)ⁱ	10.8 (2.8)	10.8 (2.8)	.809^a
Occupation: Employed, no. (%)	89 (51.4)	72 (55.0)	.543^b
Marital status, no. (%)			.755 ^b
Married/long-term relationship	133 (76.9)	103 (78.6)
Widowed/Divorced	24 (13.9)	19 (14.5)
Single	16 (9.2)	9 (6.9)
Relationship to care recipient, no. (%)			.846 ^b
Spouse	50 (28.9)	36 (27.5)
Son/daughter (in-law)	113 (65.3)	89 (67.9)
Others	10 (5.8)	6 (4.6)
Caregiver burden (BSFC-s), M (SD)	11.7 (8.0)	13.0 (7.5)	.157^a
Depressiveness (WHO-5), M (SD)	12.0 (6.0)	12.0 (5.6)	.799^a
Benefits (BIZA-D), M (SD)	12.7 (4.9)	12.5 (5.5)	.747^a
Health-related quality of life (EQ-5D-5 L), M (SD)	0.9 (0.2)	0.8 (0.2)	.140^a
Person with cognitive impairment (PCI)
Age, M (SD)	81.1 (7.4)	81.0 (7.6)	.843^a
Women, no. (%)	107 (61.8)	82 (62.6)	.894^b
Educational attainment (yrs.), M (SD)	9.8 (2.5)	9.6 (2.2)	.566^a
Cognitive impairment (MMSE), M (SD)ⁱⁱ	19.7 (4.7)	19.7 (4.7)	.931^a
Mild cognitive impairment	25.8 (1.5)	26.2 (1.5)	.215^a
Mild dementia	20.5 (1.8)	20.5 81.7)	.986^a
Moderate dementia	14.5 (2.4)	14.9 (2.0)	.349^a
Activities of daily living (ETAM), M (SD)	18.0 (7.0)	17.8 (7.4)	.881^a
Social behavior (NOSGER), M (SD)	15.5 (4.2)	15.5 (4.4)	.943^a
Neuropsychiatric symptomatology (NPI), M (SD)	5.0 (2.7)	5.3 (2.7)	.272^a
Care level, no. (%)ⁱⁱⁱ			.408^b
None	7 (4.0)	12 (9.2)
0	16 (9.2)	13 (9.9)
1	95 (54.9)	63 (48.1)
2	53 (30.6)	42 (32.1)
3	2 (1.2)	1 (0.8)
Use of anti-dementive medication, no. (%)^iv	120 (69.4)	98 (74.8)	.297^b
Care situation
Main caregiver, no. (%)	153 (88.4)	119 (90.8)	.499^b
Sole informal caregiver, no. (%)	97 (56.1)	70 (53.4)	.648^b
Living together, no. (%)	82 (47.4)	59 (45.0)	.683^b
Duration of informal care (month), M (SD)	61.5 (50.1)	60.3 (55.1)	.846^a
Frequency of day-care use per week, M (SD)^v	1.9 (1.2)	1.9 (1.1)	.809^a
Informal care time per day (h), M (SD)^vi	3.0 (2.1)	3.1 (2.0)	.538^a
No. of additional offers of formal care support, M (SD)^vii	1.6 (1.3)	1.6 (1.3)	.761^a
Use of other offers of caregiver counseling (%)^viii	44 (25.4)	47 (35.9)	.058^b

ⁱ Minimum: 7 yrs. (no compulsory school-leaving certificate) – Maximum: 18 yrs. (university degree)
ⁱⁱ Mild Cognitive Impairment: MMSE 30–24, Mild dementia: MMSE 23–18, Moderate dementia: MMSE 17–10
ⁱⁱⁱ Extent to which nursing care is needed according to the German Health and Care Insurance: none (no needs), 0 (low needs), 1 (moderate needs), 2 (high needs), and 3 (very high needs)
^iv Intake of memantine or acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
^v Average frequency per week in the first month
^vi Hours of average informal care per day adjusted for day-care attendance at baseline
^vii Sum index of (in addition to day-care) formal care and support offers used (care service, care group, meals on wheels, respite care, ambulatory care service, home help service)
^viii Displays the use of either one: caregiver skill training/counseling service for caregivers/support group for caregivers at the beginning of the study
^a t-Test/U-Test
^b Chi-square Test

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ISSN: 1471-2318

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