Skip to main content

Table 3 Predictors of Reporting Medical Cost as a Barrier to Seeking Health Care among Adults Aged 65 and Older (n = 24,018)

From: Prevalence of depressive symptoms among older adults who reported medical cost as a barrier to seeking health care: findings from a nationally representative sample

 

Unadjusted Odds Ratio (UOR) and 95% CI for Medical Cost as a Barrier to Seeking Health Care

Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) and 95% CI for Medical Cost as a Barrier to Seeking Health Care

Socio-demographics

 Age in years

0.98

(0.96–1.00)

0.97

(0.95–1.00)

 Gender

  Male

Reference

Reference

  Female

1.43

(1.04–1.97)

1.52

(1.07–2.17)

 Ethnicity

  White Non-Hispanic

Reference

Reference

  Black Non-Hispanic

2.48

(1.60–3.83)

1.79

(1.09–2.96)

  Hispanic

2.91

(1.94–4.36)

2.48

(1.54–4.02)

  Othersa

1.48

(0.89–2.47)

1.37

(0.82–2.30)

 Marital Status

  Married

Reference

Reference

  Unmarriedb

1.46

(1.07–2.01)

1.10

(0.77–1.56)

 Education

  Some College or Technical School/College Graduate

Reference

Reference

  Elementary/Some High School/High School Graduate

1.92

(1.39–2.65)

1.49

(1.05–2.10)

 Employment

  Employed

Reference

Reference

  Unemployedc

1.21

(0.77–1.92)

0.92

(0.60–1.41)

Health Indicators

  General Health

  Excellent / Very Good / Good

Reference

Reference

  Fair / Poor

2.92

(2.12–4.01)

2.12

(1.42–3.17)

 Number of Chronic Conditions

  0

Reference

Reference

  1

1.35

(0.85–2.16)

1.36

(0.81–2.28)

  2

1.52

(0.92–2.54)

1.35

(0.70–2.61)

   ≥ 3

2.24

(1.38–3.64)

1.68

(0.92–3.07)

 Smoking

  No

Reference

Reference

  Yes

2.33

(1.36–3.99)

1.72

(1.07–2.76)

 Use of Special Equipment due to a Health Problem

  No

Reference

Reference

  Yes

2.21

(1.58–3.09)

1.64

(1.13–2.39)

Health Care Indicators

 Have a Health Plan

  Yes

Reference

Reference

  No

6.79

(3.34–13.82)

5.44

(2.67–11.09)

 Have a Primary Care Provider

  Yes

Reference

Reference

  No

2.34

(1.44–3.83))

1.17

(0.72–1.88)

 Annual Health Checkup

  Yes

Reference

Reference

  No

2.53

(1.70–3.76)

2.83

(1.91–4.18)

  1. aIncludes non-Hispanic Asian, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, American Indian or Alaskan Native only, Multiracial and other race only
  2. bIncludes Divorced, Widowed, Separated, Never Married, and Member of an unmarried couple
  3. cIncludes Homemaker, Student, Retired, Unable to Work, and Out of work
  4. Statistical signifiance at 5% alpha is indicated by odds ratios in bold
Back to article page

BMC Geriatrics

ISSN: 1471-2318

Contact us