Joint effects of advancing age and number of potentially inappropriate medication classes on risk of falls in Medicare enrollees

Table 2 Use of potentially inappropriate medications in baseline period,^afall event cases and controls

	Case %	Control %	% with an Event	Unadjusted OR^b
Anticholinergic, all^c	30.1	19.2	10.0	1.80
Anti-anxiety
Benzodiazepine	21.5	14.2	9.6	1.63
Hypnotics	6.7	5.4	8.1	1.27
Antiarrhythmic (disopyramide)	0.0	0.0	9.7	1.52
Antidepressants
MAOIs	0.1	0.0	16.6	2.82
SNRIs	7.0	3.7	11.9	1.98
SSRIs	23.9	12.4	12.0	2.21
TCAs	3.6	2.4	9.7	1.55
Other	10.3	5.2	12.2	2.07
Antiemetic	1.9	1.2	9.8	1.54
Antihistamine	6.6	4.7	9.1	1.44
Antihypertensive
ACE inhibitors	26.2	23.4	7.3	1.15
Alpha 2 agonists	2.9	2.0	9.3	1.47
Alpha blockers	2.8	2.9	6.3	0.95
ARBs	15.1	13.4	7.4	1.15
Beta blockers	12.0	10.7	7.3	1.13
Calcium channel blockers	30.8	26.3	7.6	1.24
Central-acting	–	0.0	0.0	–
Loop diuretics	24.2	11.9	12.6	2.39
Potassium-sparing diuretics	4.4	2.7	10.5	1.69
Thiazide diuretics	11.6	11.2	6.8	1.03
Vasodilators	3.2	1.7	11.5	1.87
Antimuscinaric	9.2	4.7	12.1	2.05
Anti-Parkinsons	0.2	0.1	13.9	2.28
Antipsychotics
First-generation	0.7	0.2	19.9	3.52
Second-generation	5.4	1.7	18.2	3.25
Anti-emetic/antipsychotic	1.2	0.7	10.5	1.66
Antispasmodic	4.9	3.9	8.1	1.27
Pain relievers
Neuropathic	14.0	8.2	10.8	1.83
Opioid	24.7	14.1	11.0	2.01
Skeletal muscle relaxants	5.3	3.8	9.0	1.42

^aAt least one outpatient drug claim during the observation period. ^bOdds for case divided by odds for control, where odds = probability divided by 1 minus probability for group shown in row label. Reference groups are those without use of the therapy class shown in the row label. ^cSee Additional file 2 for list of anticholinergic medications. ACE angiotensin converting enzyme, ARB angiotensin receptor blocker, MAOI monoamine oxidase inhibitor, SNRI selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, SSRI selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, OR odds ratio, TCA tricyclic antidepressant

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