Table 2 Comparison of baseline demographic data according to the quintiles of handgrip strength
Variable | Handgrip Strength N = 1081 | P value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 219 (20.3%) | Q2 218 (20.2%) | Q3 217 (20.1%) | Q4 217 (20.1%) | Q5 210 (19.4%) | ||
Age (years) | 72.9 ± 5.0 | 70.9 ± 5.5 | 69.3 ± 5.5 | 67.8 ± 5.4 | 65.8 ± 4.9 | < 0.001 |
Gender | 0.990 | |||||
 Male | 112 (51.1%) | 111 (50.9%) | 111 (51.2%) | 108 (49.8%) | 110 (52.4%) | |
 Female | 107 (48.9%) | 107 (49.1%) | 106 (48.8%) | 109 (50.2%) | 100 (47.6%) | |
Smoking status | 0.056 | |||||
 Non-smoking | 176 (80.4%) | 180 (82.6%) | 196 (90.3%) | 179 (82.9%) | 174 (82.9%) | |
 Smoking | 43 (19.6%) | 38 (17.4%) | 21 (9.7%) | 37 (17.1%) | 36 (17.1%) | |
Education (years) | 10.4 ± 2.6 | 10.3 ± 2.5 | 10.8 ± 2.6 | 11.0 ± 2.8 | 11.3 ± 2.6 | < 0.001 |
Marital status | 0.754 | |||||
 Single | 49 (22.4%) | 46 (21.1%) | 41 (18.9%) | 42 (19.4%) | 37 (17.6%) | |
 Married | 170 (77.6%) | 172 (78.9%) | 176 (81.1%) | 175 (80.6%) | 173 (82.4%) | |
BMI (kg/m2) | 22.1 ± 3.5 | 22.8 ± 3.1 | 23.0 ± 2.9 | 23.3 ± 2.9 | 23.4 ± 2.6 | < 0.001 |
TMIG-IC | 4.8 ± 0.5 | 4.9 ± 0.4 | 4.9 ± 0.4 | 4.9 ± 0.4 | 4.9 ± 0.4 | 0.723 |
Depressive symptoms | 0.009 | |||||
 Yes | 35 (16.4%) | 21 (10.0%) | 24 (11.7%) | 19 (9.0%) | 12 (5.9%) | |
 No | 178 (83.6%) | 189 (90.0%) | 181 (88.3%) | 193 (91.0%) | 193 (94.1%) | |
CCI | 2.0 ± 2.4 | 1.6 ± 2.4 | 1.4 ± 2.0 | 1.2 ± 1.7 | 1.1 ± 1.7 | < 0.001 |
MMSE | 27.8 ± 1.8 | 27.9 ± 1.7 | 28.0 ± 1.6 | 28.4 ± 1.5 | 28.3 ± 1.5 | < 0.001 |
DSST | 38.4 ± 10.4 | 39.9 ± 10.4 | 43.1 ± 10.0 | 44.6 ± 11.8 | 48.3 ± 10.7 | < 0.001 |