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Table 3 Characteristics of subjects in the prospective cohort over 12 months (n = 162)

From: Frailty state among Indonesian elderly: prevalence, associated factors, and frailty state transition

Characteristics

At Baseline

At 12th Month

Age, mean ± SD, years

72.9 ± 5.9

73.0 ± 5.9

Sex, no. (%)

 Female

93 (57.4)

93 (57.4)

 Male

69 (42.6)

69 (42.6)

Functional status, n (%)

 Independent (ADL score = 20)

120 (74.1)

100 (61.7)

 Dependent (ADL score < 20)

42 (25.9)

62 (38.3)

Nutritional status, n (%)

 Normal

136 (84)

131 (80.9)

 At Risk of Malnutrition

25 (15.4)

30 (18.5)

 Malnourished

1 (0.6)

1 (0.6)

Mental status, n (%)

 Normal

150 (92.6)

154 (95.1)

 Strong Probability of Depression

9 (5.6)

7 (4.3)

 Indicative of Depression

3 (1.9)

1 (0.6)

Frailty state, n (%)

 Robust

9 (5.6)

2 (1.2)

 Prefrail

114 (70.4)

104 (64.2)

 Frail

39 (24.1)

56 (34.6)

Quality of life

 Positive (excellent, very good, and good)

58 (35.8)

58 (35.8)

 Negative (fair and poor QoL)

104 (64.2)

104 (64.2)

Commorbidities (CIRS-G Score), mean ± SD

11.8 ± 3.69

10.0 ± 3.5

Number of drugs consumed, mean ± SD

6.9 ± 2.75

6.9 ± 2.7

Handgrip strength, mean ± SD, kg

18.4 ± 6.61

17.1 ± 7.1

Gait speed, mean ± SD, m/s

1.0 ± 0.3

0.8 ± 0.3