From: Frailty state among Indonesian elderly: prevalence, associated factors, and frailty state transition
Characteristics | At Baseline | At 12th Month |
---|---|---|
Age, mean ± SD, years | 72.9 ± 5.9 | 73.0 ± 5.9 |
Sex, no. (%) | ||
 Female | 93 (57.4) | 93 (57.4) |
 Male | 69 (42.6) | 69 (42.6) |
Functional status, n (%) | ||
 Independent (ADL score = 20) | 120 (74.1) | 100 (61.7) |
 Dependent (ADL score < 20) | 42 (25.9) | 62 (38.3) |
Nutritional status, n (%) | ||
 Normal | 136 (84) | 131 (80.9) |
 At Risk of Malnutrition | 25 (15.4) | 30 (18.5) |
 Malnourished | 1 (0.6) | 1 (0.6) |
Mental status, n (%) | ||
 Normal | 150 (92.6) | 154 (95.1) |
 Strong Probability of Depression | 9 (5.6) | 7 (4.3) |
 Indicative of Depression | 3 (1.9) | 1 (0.6) |
Frailty state, n (%) | ||
 Robust | 9 (5.6) | 2 (1.2) |
 Prefrail | 114 (70.4) | 104 (64.2) |
 Frail | 39 (24.1) | 56 (34.6) |
Quality of life | ||
 Positive (excellent, very good, and good) | 58 (35.8) | 58 (35.8) |
 Negative (fair and poor QoL) | 104 (64.2) | 104 (64.2) |
Commorbidities (CIRS-G Score), mean ± SD | 11.8 ± 3.69 | 10.0 ± 3.5 |
Number of drugs consumed, mean ± SD | 6.9 ± 2.75 | 6.9 ± 2.7 |
Handgrip strength, mean ± SD, kg | 18.4 ± 6.61 | 17.1 ± 7.1 |
Gait speed, mean ± SD, m/s | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 0.8 ± 0.3 |