Development of a clinical prediction model for the onset of functional decline in people aged 65–75 years: pooled analysis of four European cohort studies

Table 4 Score chart for calculating individual risk scores derived from the prediction model

Item	Categories	Risk score
Population (cohort)	British (ELSA)	4
	Dutch (LASA)	1
	German (ActiFE-ULM)	4
	Italian (InCHIANTI)	0
Age	65 years	0
	66 years	1
	76 years	2
	68 years	3
	69 years	4
	70 years	5
	71 years	6
	72 years	7
	73 years	8
	74 years	9
	75 years	10
Cardiovascular disease	No	0
Cardiovascular disease	Yes	7
Diabetes mellitus	No	0
Diabetes mellitus	Yes	6
COPD	No	0
COPD	Yes	11
Arthritis	No	0
Arthritis	Yes	5
Depressive symptoms	No	0
Depressive symptoms	Yes	10
BMI	< 25 kg/m²	0
	25–29.99 kg/m²	7
	≥30 kg/m²	16
Handgrip strength	≤20 kg	7
	20.01–30 kg	5
	30.01–40 kg	3
	> 40 kg	0
Z score gait speed^a	< −1.5	17
	−1.5- −0.5	13
	-0.5-0.5	9
	0.5–1.5	5
	> 1.5	0
Time 5 repeated chair stands	≤10.7 s	0
	10.71–12.9 s	7
	> 12.9 s	17
Converted value time 5 repeated chair stands^b	< 0.485	7
	0.485–2.091	6
	> 2.091	0
Total risk score = sum of risk scores for all items

^aZ-score can be calculated depending on population: Z_ActiFE-ULM = (m/s–1.12)/0.27; Z_ELSA = (m/s–0.97)/0.26; Z_InCHIANTI = (m/s–1.29)/0.20; Z_LASA = (m/s–0.95)/0.24
^bTime of 5 repeated chair stands show a non-linear association. Converted value can be calculated with time for five repeated chair stands: ((chair stand in s-7.73)³–1.73*(chair stand in s-10.60)³ + 0.73*(chair stand in s-14.53)³)/46.24. Values for the cubic terms should be converted to zero if < 0

ISSN: 1471-2318