Table 3 Study methods and quality scores
Authors (date) | Sampling | Data collection (all face-to-face and one-to-one unless otherwise specified) | Theoretical background Data analysis | Quality scores (max 12) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Albinsson & Strang (2003) [30] | NR | Cross-sectional, interviews | NR Data categorisation based on hermeneutic approach | 11 |
Cahill (2000) [31] | Non-probability | Cross-sectional, semi-structured interviews | NR NR | 7 |
Chang et al. (2011) [32] | Purposive | Cross-sectional, semi-structured interviews | NR Thematic analysis | 11 |
Eriksson et al. (2013) [33] | NR | Longitudinal, interviews | Feminist perspective ‘Analytic framework’ | 7 |
Gurayah (2015) [34] | Purposive | Cross-sectional, semi-structured interviews | NR Thematic analysis | 6 |
Harris (1998) [35] | Purposive | Cross-sectional, in-depth interviews | NR Content analysis | 11 |
Harris & Long (1999) [36] | Purposive | Cross-sectional, in-depth interviews | NR NR | 6 |
Ho et al. (2003) [37] | Purposive | Cross-sectional, in-depth, semi-structured interviews | Stress model Thematic analysis | 11 |
Kim (2009) [38] | Purposive | Cross-sectional, in-depth, semi-structured interviews | Transcendental phenomenology Transcendental phenomenological analysis | 10 |
Lin et al. (2011) [39] | NR | Longitudinal, semi-structured interviews & observations | Grounded theory Constant comparative analysis | 6 |
McDonnell & Ryan (2014) [40] | Purposive | Cross-sectional, in-depth, semi-structured interviews | Colaizzi’s (1978) ‘seven-stage process’ to identify themes | 11 |
Meyer et al. (2015) [41] | Snowball | Cross-sectional, in-depth, semi-structured interviews & 1 focus group | NR Thematic analysis | 9 |
Morgan & Laing (1991) [42] | NR | Longitudinal, unstructured interviews | Grounded theory Constant comparative method | 7 |
Murray et al. (1999) [43] | NR | Cross-sectional, semi-structured interviews | Grounded theory Content analysis | 7 |
Pang & Lee (2017) [44] | Purposive | Cross-sectional, in-depth interviews | NR Content analysis | 11 |
Peacock et al. (2010) [45] | Purposive | Cross-sectional, 6 focus groups & 3 interviews | NR Thematic analysis | 9 |
Qadir et al. (2013) [46] | NR | Cross-sectional, in-depth, semi-structured interviews | NR Thematic analysis | 7 |
Quinn et al. (2015) [47] | NR | Cross-sectional, semi-structured interviews | Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) Thematic analysis | 11 |
Russell (2001) [48] | Purposive | Cross-sectional, in-depth, open-ended interviews | NR Inductive analysis | 7 |
Santos et al. (2013) [49] | Convenience | Cross-sectional. Analysis of session transcripts (transcribed from) | Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) Qualitative analysis | 7 |
Siriopoulos et al. (1999) [50] | NR | Cross-sectional, semi-structured interviews | NR Giorgi’s (1985) phenomenology method | 7 |
Sterritt & Pokorny (1998) [51] | Purposive | Cross-sectional, open-ended question interviews | NR Thematic analysis | 4 |
van Wezel et al. (2016) [52] | NR | Cross-sectional, individual interviews & focus groups | NR ‘Generic qualitative approach’ to identify themes | 9 |
Vellone et al. (2002) [53] | NR | Cross-sectional, interviews | Phenomenology Phenomenological analysis to identify themes | 9 |
Wallhagen & Yamamoto-Mitani (2006) [54] | NR | Longitudinal, semi-structured interviews | NR Constant comparative techniques to identify themes | 9 |
Yamamoto & Wallhagen (1997) [55] | Theoretical | Cross-sectional, interviews | NR Constant comparative approach to develop categories | 11 |