Variables | Male | Female | P for interaction | Rural | Urban | P for interaction | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |||
Demographic factors | ||||||||||
Age (ref. = 60–64 yr) | 0.03 | 0.64 | ||||||||
65–69 yr | 1.25 | 1.16, 1.36 | 1.18 | 1.10, 1.26 | 1.17 | 1.09, 1.27 | 1.25 | 1.16, 1.35 | ||
≥ 70 yr | 1.88 | 1.72, 2.06 | 1.45 | 1.34, 1.57 | 1.60 | 1.46, 1.74 | 1.67 | 1.54, 1.81 | ||
Gender (ref. = Female) | 1.35 | 1.22, 1.48 | 1.55 | 1.40, 1.70 | 0.02 | |||||
Residential area (ref. = Rural) | 1.69 | 1.56, 1.83 | 2.13 | 2.00, 2.28 | 0.02 | |||||
Socioeconomic factors | ||||||||||
Marital status (ref. = Married) | 0.05 | 0.009 | ||||||||
windowed | 1.07 | 0.96, 1.19 | 1.24 | 1.16, 1.32 | 1.09 | 1.00, 1.17 | 1.30 | 1.20, 1.42 | ||
Separated/divorced/never married | 0.93 | 0.72, 1.18 | 1.05 | 0.72, 1.55 | 0.79 | 0.60, 1.05 | 1.21 | 0.89, 1.65 | ||
Educational level (ref. = No formal school) | 0.01 | < 0.001 | ||||||||
Primary School | 1.27 | 1.16, 1.40 | 1.29 | 1.20, 1.39 | 1.32 | 1.22, 1.42 | 1.21 | 1.11, 1.32 | ||
Middle or high School | 1.98 | 1.77, 2.22 | 1.68 | 1.53, 1.85 | 2.06 | 1.84, 2.29 | 1.70 | 1.54, 1.88 | ||
College or university | 2.75 | 2.34, 3.25 | 2.77 | 2.30, 3.34 | 3.23 | 2.15, 4.84 | 2.60 | 2.26, 2.99 | ||
Annual household income, US Dollar (ref. = 0–1449) | 0.02 | < 0.001 | ||||||||
1450–2899 | 1.30 | 1.19, 1.42 | 1.15 | 1.07, 1.24 | 1.22 | 1.13, 1.33 | 1.18 | 1.08, 1.29 | ||
2890–5072 | 1.50 | 1.34, 1.67 | 1.28 | 1.17, 1.41 | 1.52 | 1.34, 1.73 | 1.32 | 1.20, 1.45 | ||
≥ 5073 | 1.91 | 1.68, 2.17 | 1.38 | 1.24, 1.55 | 1.98 | 1.68, 2.34 | 1.50 | 1.35, 1.67 | ||
House ownership (ref. = No) | 1.25 | 1.15, 1.36 | 1.33 | 1.24, 1.43 | 0.03 | 1.24 | 1.14, 1.36 | 1.31 | 1.22, 1.40 | < 0.001 |
Health behaviors | ||||||||||
Smoking status (ref. = Never smoker) | < 0.001 | 0.43 | ||||||||
Former smoker and quit by choices | 1.32 | 1.15, 1.51 | 1.06 | 0.84, 1.35 | 1.40 | 1.17, 1.67 | 1.27 | 1.10, 1.47 | ||
Former smoker and quit by illness | 0.45 | 0.40, 0.51 | 0.64 | 0.52, 0.80 | 0.52 | 0.45, 0.61 | 0.48 | 0.42, 0.55 | ||
Occasional smoker | 0.98 | 0.86, 1.12 | 0.90 | 0.75, 1.07 | 1.07 | 0.94, 1.22 | 0.96 | 0.82, 1.12 | ||
Current smoker | 1.01 | 0.92, 1.11 | 1.04 | 0.93, 1.18 | 1.09 | 0.99, 1.20 | 1.01 | 0.91, 1.12 | ||
Alcohol status (ref. = Never drinker) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||||
Former drinker | 0.63 | 0.55, 0.72 | 1.21 | 0.92, 1.60 | 0.82 | 0.70, 0.96 | 0.51 | 0.42, 0.61 | ||
Occasional drinker | 1.73 | 1.58, 1.89 | 1.53 | 1.43, 1.65 | 1.64 | 1.52, 1.78 | 1.62 | 1.50, 1.75 | ||
Current drinker | 2.19 | 2.01, 2.40 | 2.50 | 2.16, 2.89 | 2.27 | 2.05, 2.50 | 2.00 | 1.81, 2.21 | ||
Physical activity (MET-h/day) (ref. = Q1) | 0.06 | < 0.001 | ||||||||
Q2 | 1.87 | 1.72, 2.03 | 1.75 | 1.63, 1.87 | 1.69 | 1.56, 1.83 | 1.85 | 1.72, 1.98 | ||
Q3 | 2.38 | 2.14, 2.65 | 2.29 | 2.09, 2.50 | 2.12 | 1.93, 2.32 | 2.72 | 2.44, 3.03 | ||
Q4 | 3.33 | 2.89, 3.83 | 2.38 | 2.10, 2.70 | 2.29 | 2.04, 2.58 | 4.06 | 3.42, 4.81 | ||
BMI category (ref. = Normal weight) | 0.003 | 0.01 | ||||||||
Underweight | 0.47 | 0.42, 0.54 | 0.50 | 0.44, 0.57 | 0.56 | 0.50, 0.63 | 0.40 | 0.34, 0.47 | ||
Overweight | 1.45 | 1.34, 1.57 | 1.20 | 1.12, 1.28 | 1.19 | 1.10, 1.28 | 1.39 | 1.30, 1.49 | ||
Obesity | 1.14 | 1.00, 1.29 | 0.91 | 0.83, 0.99 | 0.90 | 0.79, 1.02 | 1.07 | 0.97, 1.17 | ||
Weight change in the past year (ref. = Change ±2.5 kg) | 0.002 | < 0.001 | ||||||||
Lost ≥2.5 kg | 0.53 | 0.48, 0.59 | 0.61 | 0.56, 0.66 | 0.55 | 0.50, 0.61 | 0.59 | 0.54, 0.64 | ||
Gained ≥2.5 kg | 1.15 | 1.02, 1.30 | 0.96 | 0.87, 1.06 | 1.31 | 1.17, 1.48 | 0.86 | 0.78, 0.96 |