Table 1 Overview of the included types of nursing homes

Green care farm (5 locations)

Physical environment:

 - A stand- alone small-scale facility

 - Private rooms

 - Common living room/kitchen

 - Combination of private and shared bathroom/shower

 - Familiar furniture/own furniture

 - Access to outdoor areas such as gardens, shed, animal stables, etc.

Social/organizational environment:

 - Combining care and agricultural activities

 - Approximately eight residents live together

 - Residents and nursing staff form a joint household

 - Steady team of nursing staff with integrated tasks

 - Cooking in the home [6]

Regular small-scale living facility (9 locations)

Physical environment:

 - Small-scale living facilities can be stand-alone in a neighbourhood, or clustered on the area of a larger nursing home.

 - Private rooms

 - Common living room/kitchen

 - Combination of private and shared bathroom/shower

 - Familiar furniture/own furniture

 - Some outdoor spaces available, not always easily accessible

Social/organizational environment:

 - Daily living is mainly determined by the residents and informal caregivers and approaches a home-like situation as much as possible

 - Approximately eight residents live together

 - Residents and nursing staff form a joint household

 - Steady team of nursing staff with integrated tasks

 - Cooking in the home [5]

Traditional nursing home (4 locations)

Physical environment:

 - Large scale care environment.

 - Combination of private and shared rooms

 - Common living room/kitchen

 - Shared bathroom/shower

 - Often standardized furniture, less familiar

 - Some outdoor spaces available, not always easily accessible

Social/organizational environment:

 - Approximately 20 residents on a ward

 - Large team of nursing staff with differentiated tasks

 - Daily life is mainly determined by routines and rules of the organisation

 - Cooking in central kitchen, not in the home [5]