Joint associations of smartphone use and gender on multidimensional cognitive health among community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study

Table 3 ORs (95% CIs) obtained from modelling general and sub-domains cognition on NSFU and gender

		MoCA score^a	Sub-score of MoCA in six cognitive domains (mean ± sd)
		MoCA score^a	Memory	Visuospatial	Executive	Attention	Language	Orientation
Model 1^b
NSFU	0	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
	1	1.41 (1.11–1.78) ^*	1.29 (1.01–1.65)	1.31 (1.04–1.66)	1.48 (1.17–1.88) ^*	1.10 (0.86–1.41)	1.52 (1.20–1.93) ^*	1.29 (0.91–1.83)
	2+	2.22 (1.75–2.82) ^*	1.16 (0.93–1.46)	1.98 (1.57–2.50) ^*	2.37 (1.88–2.98) ^*	1.78 (1.36–2.34) ^*	1.94 (1.53–2.46) ^*	1.25 (0.87–1.80)
Model 2^c
Gender	men	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Gender	women	0.86 (0.69–1.07)	1.38 (1.10–1.73) ^*	0.46 (0.37–0.57) ^*	0.82 (0.66–1.03)	0.79 (0.63–1.00)	0.91 (0.73–1.13)	0.95 (0.69–1.30)
Model 3^d
NSFU	0	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
	1	1.40 (1.11–1.77) ^*	1.31 (1.02–1.67)	1.28 (1.01–1.62)	1.47 (1.16–1.87) ^*	1.09 (0.85–1.40)	1.52 (1.20–1.93) ^*	1.29 (0.91–1.83)
	2+	2.22 (1.75–2.81) ^*	1.18 (0.94–1.48)	1.92 (1.52–2.43) ^*	2.35 (1.87–2.96) ^*	1.77 (1.35–2.32) ^*	1.93 (1.53–2.45) ^*	1.25 (0.87–1.80)
Gender	men	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Gender	women	0.87 (0.7–1.09)	1.39 (1.11–1.75) ^*	0.47 (0.38–0.59) ^*	0.85 (0.68–1.06)	0.81 (0.64–1.02)	0.93 (0.75–1.16)	0.96 (0.70–1.31)

Note: All three models adjusted for the same set of covariates: age, region, marital status, level of education, income, occupation, smoking, drinking, hypertension, diabetes, and depression
^bNSFU entered in the model in addition to the above covariates
^cGender entered in the model in addition to the above covariates
^dBoth NSFU and gender entered in the model in addition to the above covariates
^aThe MoCA score has been adjusted according to the years of education;
^*denotes p < 0.007; NSFU represents the number of smartphone functions used

ISSN: 1471-2318