Total population in cross-sectional analyses n = 287 | Participants who were followed up in longitudinal analyses n = 127 | |
---|---|---|
Age (years), mean ± SD | 86.6 ± 1.0 | 86.5 ± 1.0 |
Educational level, n (%) | ||
Low | 140 (49) | 56 (44) |
Medium | 88 (31) | 44 (35) |
High | 59 (21) | 27 (21) |
Physical activity, n (%) | ||
Sedentary | 49 (24) | 13 (14) |
Moderate | 82 (40) | 42 (47) |
Regular | 69 (33) | 30 (33) |
Athletic | 6 (3) | 5 (6) |
Living with someone, n (%) | 137 (65) | 67 (73) |
Smoking status, n (%) | ||
Smoker | 16 (6) | 4 (3) |
Former smoking | 155 (54) | 64 (50) |
Never smoking | 116 (40) | 59 (46) |
Charlson Comorbidity Index, n (%) | ||
0 | 111 (39) | 60 (47) |
1 | 104 (36) | 51 (40) |
≥ 2 | 72 (25) | 16 (13) |
Body mass index, kg/m2, mean ± SD | 25.6 ± 3.3 | 25.8 ± 3.0 |
Total fat mass, kg, mean ± SD | 22.2 ± 7.5 | 22.8 ± 7.4 |
EWGSOP1 | ||
Sarcopenia, n (%) | 60 (21) | 25 (20) |
EWGSOP2 | ||
Probable sarcopenia, n (%) | 209 (73) | 81 (64) |
Confirmed sarcopenia, n (%) | 58 (20) | 24 (19) |
Severe sarcopenia, n (%) | 5 (2) | 1 (0.8) |
Skeletal muscle index, kg/m2, mean ± SD | 7.5 ± 0.8 | 7.5 ± 0.7 |
< 7.0 kg/m2 | 72 (25) | 34 (27) |
< 7.26 kg/m2 | 109 (38) | 49 (39) |
Gait speed, m/s, mean ± SD | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 1.5 ± 0.3 |
≤ 0.8 m/s | 16 (6) | 2 (2) |
Hand grip strength, kg, mean ± SD | 30.2 ± 6.5 | 31.2 ± 6.1 |
< 27 kg | 79 (28) | 32 (25) |
< 30 kg | 132 (46) | 53 (42) |
Chair stand test, s, mean ± SD | 17.9 ± 7.1 | 16.4 ± 6.0 |
> 15 s | 148 (61) | 54 (48) |