Handgrip strength, depression, and all-cause mortality in Korean older adults

BMC Geriatrics

Table 4 Independent and joint effects of handgrip strength and depression on all-cause mortality stratified by sex

Gender	Exposures		Crude HR (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted HR (95% CI)^a	P value
Gender	Low HGS	Depression	Crude HR (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted HR (95% CI)^a	P value
Total	Negative	Negative	1		1
	Negative	Positive	1.505 (1.129 ~ 2.006)	0.005	1.366 (1.033 ~ 1.807)	0.029
	Positive	Negative	1.628 (1.344 ~ 1.973)	< 0.001	1.208 (0.782 ~ 1.866)	0.394
	Positive	Positive	3.194 (2.635 ~ 3.871)	< 0.001	1.961 (1.409 ~ 2.736)	< 0.001
Men	Negative	Negative	1		1
	Negative	Positive	1.682 (1.1.07~2.554)	0.015	1.376 (1.029 ~ 1.841)	0.031
	Positive	Negative	1.786 (1.395 ~ 2.287)	< 0.001	1.120 (0.694 ~ 1.807)	0.643
	Positive	Positive	4.259 (3.308 ~ 5.483)	< 0.001	1.861 (1.306 ~ 2.651)	0.001
Women	Negative	Negative			1
	Negative	Positive	1.597 (1.070 ~ 2.386)	0.022	0.763 (0.250 ~ 2.325)	0.634
	Positive	Negative	1.394 (1.026 ~ 1.894)	0.034	1.339 (0.440 ~ 4.073)	0.607
	Positive	Positive	2.670 (1.985 ~ 3.591)	< 0.001	2.603 (0.981 ~ 6.908)	0.055

HR Hazard ratio, CI Confidence interval, HGS Handgrip strength. HR^a adjusted for age, sex, BMI, income, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, nutritional risk, comorbidities, K-ADL and MMSE scores, and physical activity

ISSN: 1471-2318