Table 2 Comparison of measured parameters according to handgrip strength
From: Handgrip strength, depression, and all-cause mortality in Korean older adults
| Â | Handgrip strength | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men | Women | |||||
Low | High | P value | Low | High | P value | |
N | 3130 | 2866 | Â | 4073 | 3.832 | Â |
Age (years) | 68.80 ± 6.88 | 68.46 ± 6.11 | 0.043 | 70.56 ± 7.58 | 69.88 ± 7.10 | < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 22.90 ± 2.98 | 23.84 ± 2.78 | < 0.001 | 23.98 ± 3.50 | 24.38 ± 3.33 | < 0.001 |
aEducation, n (%) | ||||||
 0–3 years | 462 (14.8) | 243 (8.5) |  | 1778 (43.7) | 1353 (35.3) |  |
 4–6 years | 1026 (32.8) | 864 (30.1) | < 0.001 | 1382 (33.9) | 1406 (36.7) | < 0.001 |
  ≥ 7 years | 1567 (50.1) | 1721 (60.0) |  | 786 (19.3) | 971 (25.3) |  |
Income (10,000 won) | 164.70 ± 174.56 | 187.49 ± 215.86 | < 0.001 | 135.80 ± 177.57 | 144.85 ± 170.48 | 0.045 |
Marital status, n (%) | ||||||
 Single/married not living with anyone | 206 (6.6) | 151 (5.3) | 0.033 | 1070 (26.3) | 906 (23.6) | 0.007 |
 Married/living with someone | 2924 (93.4) | 2715 (94.7) |  | 3003 (73.7) | 2927 (76.4) |  |
Past/current smokers, n (%) | 2146 (68.6) | 1987 (69.3) | 0.539 | 268 (6.3) | 225 (5.9) | 0.398 |
bAlcohol consumption, n (%) | ||||||
 No drinking | 1418 (45.3) | 1087 (37.9) | < 0.001 | 3305 (81.2) | 2924 (76.3) | 0.019 |
 two times a week (or more) | 980 (31.3) | 1038 (36.2) |  | 176 (4.3) | 200 (5.2) |  |
Nutrition score | 3.23 ± 3.20 | 2.38 ± 2.67 | < 0.001 | 3.82 ± 3.34 | 3.04 ± 3.23 | < 0.001 |
Number of comorbidities | 1.55 ± 1.40 | 1.29 ± 1.23 | < 0.001 | 2.22 ± 1.59 | 1.88 ± 1.53 | < 0.001 |
K-ADL (score) | 7.34 ± 1.36 | 7.06 ± 0.50 | < 0.001 | 7.29 ± 1.17 | 7.07 ± 0.49 | < 0.001 |
SGDS-K (score) | 4.75 ± 4.54 | 3.01 ± 3.49 | < 0.001 | 6.08 ± 4.58 | 4.25 ± 4.06 | < 0.001 |
MMSE-KC (score) | 25.11 ± 3.85 | 26.39 ± 2.90 | < 0.001 | 22.33 ± 4.81 | 23.90 ± 4.05 | < 0.001 |
Death, n (%) | 309 (9.9) | 121 (4.2) | < 0.001 | 178 (4.4) | 88 (2.3) | < 0.001 |
Absolute Handgrip strength (kg) | 26.03 ± 5.90 | 36.82 ± 4.60 | < 0.001 | 15.48 ± 3.68 | 23.00 ± 3.70 | < 0.001 |
Relative Handgrip strength (kg/BMI) | 2.22 ± 0.56 | 2.99 ± 0.46 | < 0.001 | 1.24 ± 0.33 | 1.82 ± 0.36 | < 0.001 |
Physical activity (Mets/week) | 1677.9 ± 1885.2 | 2182.6 ± 2229.9 | < 0.001 | 1127.6 ± 1428.1 | 1428.9 ± 1730.5 | < 0.001 |