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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants

From: Handgrip strength, depression, and all-cause mortality in Korean older adults

Parameters

Total (N = 13,901)

Men (N = 5996)

Women (N = 7905)

p value

Age (years)

69.54 ± 7.06

68.64 ± 6.53

70.23 ± 7.36

< 0.001

BMI (kg/m2)

23.83 ± 3.24

23.36 ± 2.92

24.19 ± 3.43

< 0.001

aEducation, n (%)

 0–3 years

3836 (27.6)

705 (11.8)

3131 (39.6)

< 0.001

 4–6 years

4677 (33.6)

1890 (31.5)

2788 (35.3)

  ≥ 7 years

5045 (36.3)

3288 (54.8)

1757 (22.2)

Income (10,000 won)

155.94 ± 185.47

176.07 ± 203.48

140.67 ± 168.96

< 0.001

Marital status, n (%)

 Single/married not living with anyone

2332 (16.8)

357 (6.0)

1975 (25.0)

< 0.001

 Married/living with someone

11,569 (83.2)

5639 (94.0)

5930 (75.0)

Past/current smokers, n (%)

4617 (33.2)

4134 (68.9)

483 (6.1)

< 0.001

bAlcohol consumption, n (%)

 No drinking

8734 (62.8)

2506 (41.8)

6229 (78.8)

< 0.001

 two times a week (or more)

2394 (17.2)

2018 (33.7)

375 (4.8)

Nutrition score

3.15 ± 3.18

2.80 ± 2.98

3.42 ± 3.30

< 0.001

Number of comorbidity

1.78 ± 1.50

1.42 ± 1.32

2.05 ± 1.57

< 0.001

K-ADL (score)

7.19 ± 0.98

7.20 ± 1.01

7.18 ± 0.92

0.265

SGDS-K (score)

4.64 ± 4.37

3.92 ± 4.16

5.18 ± 4.44

< 0.001

MMSE-KC (score)

24.22 ± 4.37

25.69 ± 3.52

23.11 ± 4.52

< 0.001

Death, n (%)

696 (5.0)

430 (7.2)

266 (3.4)

< 0.001

  1. BMI Body mass index, K-ADL Korean Activities of Daily Living, MMSE-KC Korean version of mini-mental state examination, SGDS-K Korean version of 15-item geriatric depression scale. aMen (n = 113) and women (n = 229) had no data available. bMen (n = 1472) and women (n = 1301) had no data available