Table 3 Components of tissue loss syndromes in the total sample and in patients with sarcopenia, frailty, cachexia and malnutrition (% or median [IQR])

WL in last 12 months [kg]

5.1 [0.7–14.1]¹

10.7 [1.8–16.7]*¹

9.1 [4.2–16.3]*

14.3 [8.4–17.7*]

17.9 [14.9–21.3]*

WL > 5% in last 12 months

50.0¹

61.9*¹

75.8*

100.0*

100.0*

WL > 10% in last 12 months

28.0¹

47.6*¹

39.4

56.3*

100.0*

WL > 15% in last 12 months

22.0¹

35.7*¹

30.3

43.8*

73.3*

Unintended WL > 10 pounds in last 12 months

36.0¹

47.6*¹

63.6*

81.3*

86.7*

Unintended WL > 10% in last 12 months

24.0¹

40.5*¹

36.4*

56.3*

100.0*

BMI < 18.5 kg/m2

2.0

4.8

3.0

6.3*

13.3*

BMI < 22 kg/m²

14.0

21.4

21.2

31.3*

53.3*

FFMI < 15 (w) / 17 (m) kg/m² [13]

42.0

21.0

42.4

65.6*

100.0*

SMI ≤6.75 (w) / ≤10.75 (m) [49]

78.0

100.0*

69.7

93.8*

100.0*

Low handgrip strength [11]

50.0

85.7*

75.8*

68.8*

66.7

Gait speed < 0.8 m/s [50]

27.0

38.1*

54.5*

34.4

33.3

Gait speed < 0.65 / 0.76 m/s [11]

18.0

21.4

42.4*

28.1

20.0

Exhaustion [11]

46.0

40.5

84.8*

62.5*

53.3

Severe fatigue (FACIT-F < 30 points) [28]

37.0

35.7

69.7*

59.4*

46.7

Low physical activity [31]

45.0

54.8

87.9*

53.1

40.0

Albumin < 3.2 g/dL

18.0

19.0

24.2

37.5*

40.0*

Hemoglobin < 12 g/dL

48.0

52.4

63.6*

50.0

60.0

CRP > 5 mg/L

73.0

76.2

72.7

87.5*

86.7

Anorexia [27]

51.0

57.1

66.7*

78.1*

66.7

MNA-SF [points] [32]

11.0 [10.0–12.0]

11.0 [8.0–12.0]

10.0 [7.0–11.5]*

9.0 [7.3–11.0]*

8.0 [6.0–10.0]*

MNA-SF – at risk of malnutrition (8–11 points)

48.0

45.2

48.5

59.4

53.3

MNA-SF – malnourished (< 8 points)

11.0

19.0*

27.3*

25.0*

46.7*