Table 2 Patients’ characteristics of the total sample and of subgroups of patients with sarcopenia, frailty, cachexia and malnutrition (% or median [IQR])
From: Prevalence and overlap of sarcopenia, frailty, cachexia and malnutrition in older medical inpatients
All (n = 100) | Sarcopenia (n = 42) | Frailty (n = 33) | Cachexia (n = 32) | Malnutrition (n = 15) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | |||||
female | 48.0 | 40.5 | 63.6* | 46.7 | 53.1 |
Age [years] | 76.0 [73.0–79.0] | 77.5 [73.0–81.0] | 76.0 [73.0–80.5] | 76.5 [73.0–79.8] | 76.0 [71.0–79.0] |
BMI [kg/m2] | 26.6 [23.8–30.2] | 26.7 [22.7–29.7] | 28.7 [23.5–32.1] | 25.0 [21.1–29.6]* | 21.8 [20.5–23.9]* |
BMI > 30 kg/m2 | 27.0 | 21.4 | 30.3 | 0.0* | 18.8 |
Living situation | |||||
Alone | 23.0 | 28.6 | 21.2 | 26.7 | 15.6 |
With others | 76.0 | 71.4 | 75.8 | 73.3 | 84.4 |
Nursing home | 1.0 | 0.0 | 3.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Main diagnosis | |||||
Oncological | 31.0 | 33.3 | 25.0 | 27.3 | 43.8 |
Gastroenterological | 33.0 | 31.0 | 38.2 | 30.3 | 21.9 |
Other | 36.0 | 35.7 | 36.8 | 42.4 | 34.4 |
Comorbidity: CCI [points] | 1.0 [0.0–2.0] | 2.0 [0.0–2.0] | 2.0 [0.5–2.5] | 2.0 [1.0–3.0]* | 2.0 [0.0–2.0] |
Number of drugs | 6 [3–8]1 | 7.0 [4.0–8.0]3 | 7.0 [5.0–8.5]* | 7.0 [4.0–9.0]2 | 5.5 [2.8–7.8]2 |
Polypharmacy (≥ 5 drugs) | 59.01 | 64.33 | 84.8* | 53.32 | 68.82 |
Activities of daily living: Barthel index | |||||
Completely independent (100 points) | 93.0 | 90.5 | 84.8* | 93.3 | 84.4* |
Physical performance: SPPB [points] | 9.0 [7.0–11.0] | 9.0 [6.8–10.3]* | 7.0 [4.5–9.0]* | 8.5 [4.5–9.8]* | 9.0 [7.0–9.0] |
Reduced performance (< 10 points) | 51.0 | 66.7* | 81.8* | 80.0* | 75.0* |
Cognitive status: MMSE [points] | 28.0 [26.0–29.0]2 | 28.0 [26.0–29.0] | 28.0 [26.0–29.0]2 | 28.0 [26.0–29.0]2 | 29.0 [28.0–30.0] |
Impaired cognition (≤ 24 points) | 13.02 | 14.3 | 12.12 | 0 | 12.52 |
Depressive symptoms: GDS [points] | 2.0 [0.0–3.0] | 2.0 [0.0–4.0] | 3.0 [1.0–5.5]* | 3.0 [1.0–5.0]* | 3.0 [1.0–7.0]* |
Severe depressive symptoms (≥ 10 points) | 2.0 | 2.4 | 6.1* | 6.7 | 6.3* |