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Table 4 Adjusted logistic regression analyses of alcohol consumption and use of drugs with addiction potential (HUNT3)

From: Factors associated with alcohol consumption and prescribed drugs with addiction potential among older women and men – the Nord-Trøndelag health study (HUNT2 and HUNT3), Norway, a population-based longitudinal study

HUNT2

Outcome 1 (HUNT3)a:

Outcome 2 (HUNT3)a:

Outcome 3 (HUNT3)a:

Frequent drinking:

Prescribed drugs with

Possible combination of frequent drinking

alcohol consumption ≥ 4 days/weekb

addiction potentialc

(alcohol consumption ≥4 days/week) and being prescribed drugs with addiction potential

Adjustede

Adjustede

Adjustede

OR 95% CI

OR 95% CI

OR 95% CI

Gender (men)

1.22 (0.93–1.60)

0.45 (0.40–0.51)

0.77 (0.48–1.25)

Age

 54–59

1 (ref. category)

1 (ref. category)

1 (ref. category)

 60–64

0.82 (0.60–1.12)

1.43 (1.23–1.66)

0.66 (0.35–1.27)

 ≥ 65

0.69 (0.51–0.95)

2.06 (1.79–2.37)

1.23 (0.74–2.05)

Level of education

 Up to ten years education

1 (ref. category)

1 (ref. category)

1 (ref. category)

 Vocational and general education

2.84 (1.63–4.95)

0.89 (0.62–1.27)

1.23 (0.36–4.19)

 College and university

3.69 (2.81–4.86)

0.90 (0.76–1.07)

2.35 (1.40–3.95)

Living in

 Rural areas

1 (ref. category)

1 (ref. category)

1 (ref. category)

 Urban areas

1.68 (1.26–2.25)

0.92 (0.82–1.04)

1.33 (0.80–2.21)

Marital status

 No living spouse or partner

1 (ref. category)

1 (ref. category)

 

 Living spouse or partner

1.05 (0.74–1.48)

0.96 (0.83–1.11)

 

Smoking status

 Never smoked daily

1 (ref. category)

1 (ref. category)

1 (ref. category)

 Former daily smoker

1.95 (1.43–2.65)

1.28 (1.11–1.46)

2.25 (1.25–4.06)

 Daily smoker

1.49 (1.04–2.16)

1.69 (1.44–1.98)

1.98 (1.01–3.88)

Overall health status

 Poor/not quite good

1 (ref. category)

1 (ref. category)

 

 Good/very good

1.07 (0.80–1.42)

0.64 (0.56–0.73)

 

Hospitalized during the last 5 years

 

1.21 (1.07–1.37)

 

HADS anxiety score

 <  8

 

1 (ref. category)

 

 ≥ 8

 

1.68 (1.39–2.03)

 

HADS depression score

 <  8

 

1 (ref. category)

 

 ≥ 8

 

1.00 (0.81–1.23)

 

Overall life satisfaction

 Dissatisfied/neither satisfied nor dissatisfied

 

1 (ref. category)

 

 Satisfied

 

1.02 (0.84–1.23)

 

Alcohol consumption d

 <  4 days/week

1 (ref. category)

 

1 (ref. category)

 ≥ 4 days/week

33.32 (20.09–55.25)

 

8.40 (3.67–19.25)

Use of anxiolytic or sleep medication every week or mored

 No

 

1 (ref. category)

1 (ref. category)

 Yes

 

5.67 (4.56–7.05)

2.25 (1.23–4.12)

R2%f

17.3

19.5

6.8

  1. Bold numbers indicate significant associations. OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, HADS Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale
  2. aNumber of participants in the adjusted analyses with outcome 1 is N = 7541, outcome 2 N = 6277 and outcome 3 N = 6320
  3. bSelf-reported alcohol consumption assessed among participants in HUNT3 (2006–2008)
  4. cInformation on prescribed drugs with addiction potential among participants in HUNT3 (2006–2008) was drawn from the Norwegian Prescription Database. Drugs with addiction potential were defined as at least one prescription of benzodiazepines (BZD), z-hypnotics or opioids in two consecutive years (2005/2006, 2006/2007, 2007/2008 or 2008/2009). BZD defined by N03AE, N05BA and N05CD, z-hypnotics defined by N05CF and opioids by N02A
  5. dSelf-reported use of alcohol in the last month and self-reported use of anxiolytic or sleep medication every week or more in the last month among participants in HUNT2
  6. eAdjusted binary logistic regression analysis. Gender and age and other covariates associated with the outcome (p ≤ 0.1) in the unadjusted analyses (see Supplemental Table 2) were included in the adjusted analyses. Outcome 1: frequent drinking (alcohol consumption ≥ 4 days/week) (alcohol consumption < 4 days/week reference category). Outcome 2: prescribed drugs with addiction potential (BZD, z-hypnotics or opioids) (no prescribed drugs with addiction potential reference category). Outcome 3: possible combination of frequent drinking (alcohol consumption ≥ 4 days/week) and being prescribed drugs with addiction potential (BZD, z-hypnotics or opioids). Reference category: no frequent drinking, no use of drugs with addiction potential or neither frequent drinking - nor being prescribed drugs with addiction potential
  7. fNagelkerke R-squared for the adjusted analyses
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BMC Geriatrics

ISSN: 1471-2318

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