Table 1 Demographic characteristics of caregivers and persons with dementia in the derivation sample (n = 300), and the association with high caregiver grief a
From: Development and validation of a simple screening tool for caregiver grief in dementia caregiving
Variable | Overall sample (n = 300) | High grief a (n = 54) | Average or low grief (n = 246) | P value b |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables related to caregivers | ||||
Age, mean (SD) | 52.1 (11.0) | 55.6 (12.3) | 51.4 (10.5) | 0.010 |
Male gender, n (%) | 120 (40.0) | 20 (37.0) | 100 (40.7) | 0.624 |
Ethnicity, n (%) | 0.006 | |||
Chinese | 247 (82.3) | 37 (68.5) | 210 (85.4) | |
Malay | 25 (8.3) | 10 (18.5) | 15 (6.1) | |
Indian/Eurasian/Others | 28 (9.3) | 7 (13.0) | 21 (8.5) | |
Marital status, n (%) | 0.020 | |||
Married | 203 (67.7) | 44 (81.5) | 159 (64.6) | |
Single | 76 (25.3) | 6 (11.1) | 70 (28.5) | |
Widowed/Divorced/Separated | 21 (7.0) | 4 (7.4) | 17 (6.9) | |
Employment status, n (%) | 0.013 | |||
Working full-time | 179 (59.7) | 24 (44.4) | 155 (63.0) | |
Working part-time | 36 (12.0) | 6 (11.1) | 30 (12.2) | |
Not working | 85 (28.3) | 24 (44.4) | 61 (24.8) | |
Highest education, n (%) | 0.034 | |||
Secondary or below | 190 (63.3) | 41 (75.9) | 149 (60.6) | |
Tertiary | 110 (36.7) | 13 (24.1) | 97 (39.4) | |
Relationship with the PWD, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Child | 265 (88.3) | 36 (66.7) | 229 (93.1) | |
Spouse | 35 (11.7) | 18 (33.3) | 17 (6.9) | |
Staying with the PWD, n (%) | 199 (66.3) | 42 (77.8) | 157 (63.8) | 0.049 |
Duration of caregiving in years, mean (SD) | 6.6 (6.7) | 5.5 (6.1) | 6.8 (6.8) | 0.197 |
Providing daily caregiving, n (%) | 220 (73.3) | 49 (90.7) | 171 (69.5) | 0.001 |
Primary caregiving role, n (%) | 218 (72.7) | 47 (87.0) | 171 (69.5) | 0.009 |
Variables related to PWD | ||||
Age, mean (SD) | 79.5 (8.1) | 77.5 (8.6) | 79.9 (8.0) | 0.051 |
Male gender, n (%) | 86 (28.7) | 21 (38.9) | 65 (26.4) | 0.067 |
Duration of dementia diagnosis in years, mean (SD) | 4.5 (3.5) | 4.0 (2.9) | 4.6 (3.6) | 0.222 |
Diagnosis of dementia before 65 years old, n (%) | 34 (11.3) | 9 (16.7) | 25 (10.2) | 0.172 |
Stage of dementia, n (%) | 0.001 | |||
Mild | 49 (16.3) | 2 (3.7) | 47 (19.1) | |
Moderate | 127 (42.3) | 18 (33.3) | 109 (44.3) | |
Severe | 124 (41.3) | 34 (63.0) | 90 (36.6) | |
Severe behavioral problem, n (%) | 18 (6.0) | 10 (18.5) | 8 (3.3) | < 0.001 |