Variables | Mortality status N (%) | p value | |
---|---|---|---|
Alive (N = 761) | Dead (N = 160) | ||
Socio-demographic factors | |||
Men | 375 (49.28) | 103 (64.38) | < 0.001 |
Age (years) | 73.15 ± 5.79 | 78.11 ± 7.86 | < 0.001 |
65–74 | 478 (62.81) | 62 (38.75) | |
75–84 | 248 (32.59) | 64 (40.00) | |
> 85 | 35 (4.60) | 34 (21.25) | |
Education | 0.005 | ||
≤ 6 years | 293 (38.50) | 72 (45.00) | |
7–12 years | 272 (35.74) | 36 (22.50) | |
≥ 13 years | 196 (25.76) | 52 (32.50) | |
Married | 552 (72.54) | 107 (66.88) | 0.18 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.48 ± 3.35 | 23.74 ± 4.01 | 0.03 |
< 18.5 | 24 (3.15) | 13 (8.13) | |
18.5–25 | 436 (57.29) | 93 (58.13) | |
25–30 | 259 (34.03) | 47 (29.38) | |
≥ 30 | 42 (5.52) | 7 (4.38) | |
Lifestyle behaviors | |||
Smoking | 70 (9.20) | 14 (8.75) | 0.98 |
Alcohol drinking | 96 (12.61) | 21 (13.13) | 0.96 |
Physical activity | 564 (74.11) | 102 (63.75) | 0.01 |
Disease history | |||
Hypertension | 378 (49.67) | 93 (58.13) | 0.06 |
Diabetes Mellitus | 113 (14.85) | 39 (24.38) | 0.005 |
Heart disease | 206 (27.07) | 72 (45.00) | < 0.001 |
Hyperlipidemia | 203 (26.68) | 27 (16.88) | 0.01 |
Gout | 79 (10.38) | 24 (15.00) | 0.12 |
Hyperuricemia | 74 (9.72) | 21 (13.13) | 0.25 |
Arthritis | 152 (19.97) | 31 (19.38) | 0.95 |
Osteoporosis | 145 (19.05) | 21 (13.13) | 0.10 |
Stroke | 36 (4.73) | 20 (12.50) | < 0.001 |
Cataract | 337 (44.28) | 86 (53.75) | 0.04 |
Fall history | 161 (21.16) | 54 (33.75) | < 0.001 |
Sleep impairment | 343 (45.07) | 73 (45.63) | 0.97 |
MMSE | < 0.001 | ||
< 24 | 83 (10.91) | 39 (24.38) | |
≥ 24 | 678 (89.09) | 121 (75.63) | |
Frailty status | 53 (6.96) | 48 (30.00) | < 0.001 |
Frailty components | |||
Shrinking | 90 (11.83) | 31 (19.38) | 0.01 |
Poor endurance and energy | 22 (2.89) | 15 (9.38) | < 0.001 |
Low physical activity | 125 (16.43) | 42 (26.25) | 0.005 |
Slowness | 227 (29.83) | 104 (65.00) | < 0.001 |
Weakness | 194 (25.49) | 80 (50.00) | < 0.001 |