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Table 1 Summary of effects on visual-motor integration, visual perception, and motor coordination sub-abilities of eye-hand coordination and global cognitive function

From: Effect of interactive cognitive-motor training on eye-hand coordination and cognitive function in older adults

Variables

Interactive cognitive-motor training

Active control group

Baseline

Post test

3 month follow up

6 month follow up

Baseline

Post test

3 month follow up

6 month follow up

M

SD

M

SD

ES

M

SD

ES

M

SD

ES

M

SD

M

SD

M

SD

M

SD

Berry VMI

 VMI

22.32

2.97

23.67

2.32

0.50

23.32

2.38

0.37

24.00

2.06

0.65

22.74

3.09

23.66

2.60

23.58

2.47

23.40

2.87

 VP

20.09

2.60

20.00

2.92

−0.03

19.52

3.02

−0.20

21.30

2.76

0.45

20.81

3.04

21.63

2.61

21.50

2.47

21.42

3.06

 MC

18.42

3.63

20.70

3.29

0.66

20.88

3.27

0.71

21.88

3.08

1.03

19.06

3.97

21.35

3.55

21.39

3.47

22.04

3.07

MoCA

 Total score

24.41

3.82

24.93

2.72

0.16

25.56

3.18

0.33

25.41

3.61

0.27

24.03

2.53

25.13

2.79

25.96

2.80

26.22

2.85

 Visuospatial/Executive

3.74

1.06

3.67

1.03

−0.07

3.80

1.08

0.06

3.92

1.06

0.17

3.80

1.04

3.68

1.08

3.89

0.95

4.11

0.85

 Naming

2.26

0.93

2.50

0.78

0.28

2.64

0.81

0.44

2.63

0.82

0.42

2.71

0.59

2.77

0.50

2.82

0.46

2.81

0.62

 Attention

5.29

1.04

5.58

0.88

0.30

5.44

0.71

0.17

5.33

0.92

0.04

5.16

0.82

5.33

0.67

5.29

0.94

5.52

0.80

 Language

1.81

1.08

2.07

0.83

0.27

2.00

0.96

0.19

1.83

0.96

0.02

2.00

0.89

1.90

0.87

1.86

0.97

1.96

0.80

 Abstraction

1.26

0.63

1.33

0.60

0.11

1.20

0.71

−0.09

1.17

0.76

−0.13

1.35

0.66

1.19

0.75

1.46

0.64

1.48

0.58

 Delayed recall

2.93

1.60

3.50

1.28

0.39

3.64

1.25

0.49

3.71

1.16

0.56

2.23

1.43

3.26

0.28

3.50

1.26

3.48

1.45

 Orientation

5.97

0.18

5.57

0.35

−1.43

5.88

0.33

−0.33

5.91

0.28

−0.25

5.90

0.30

5.90

0.30

5.89

0.31

5.85

0.36

  1. M mean, SD standard deviation, ES Effect size, Beery VMI Beery–Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration, VMI Visual-motor integration, VP Visual Perception, MC Motor Coordination, MoCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment