Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study participants
Variables | ON (N = 29,848) | BC (N = 3129) | MB (N = 2293) |
|---|---|---|---|
Age, yrs. Mean (SD) | 82.1 (9.6) | 83.0 (9.6) | 83.5 (9.3) |
Gender, Female, n (%) | 19,706 (66.1) | 2023 (64.7) | 2293 (69.8) |
Married, n (%) | 8978 (30.1) | 818 (26.2) | 608 (26.5) |
Chronic Disease Number, n (%) | |||
 Osteoporosis | 7247 (24.3) | 663 (21.2) | 353 (15.4) |
 Diabetes Mellitus | 7239 (24.3) | 610 (19.5) | 472 (20.6) |
 Arthritis | 10,486 (35.1) | 1058 (33.8) | 811 (35.4) |
 Alzheimer’s Disease | 5513 (18.5) | 523 (16.7) | 289 (12.6) |
 Cancer | 2935 (9.8) | 280 (9.0) | 279 (12.2) |
 Neuromuscular diseases | 47 (0.2) | 11 (0.4) | 1 (0.04) |
 Parkinson’s Diseases | 81 (0.3) | 2 (0.1) | 6 (0.3) |
 Liver Disease | 69 (0.2) | 7 (0.2) | 7 (0.3) |
 Arteriosclerotic Diseases | 2004 (6.7) | 199 (6.4) | 127 (5.5) |
Hospital admissions in past 90 days, n (%) | |||
 No Visit | 29,603 (99.2) | 3106 (99.3) | 2281 (99.5) |
  ≥ 1 Visit | 245 (0.8) | 23 (0.7) | 12 (0.5) |
Emergency room visits in past 90 day,s n (%) | |||
 No Visit | 26,590 (89.1) | 2927 (93.5) | 2232 (97.3) |
  ≥ 1 Visit | 3258 (10.9) | 202 (6.5) | 61 (2.7) |
Number of prescribed medications, Mean (SD) | 9.7 (4.63) | 8.45 (4.04) | 8.02 (4.66) |
Changes in Health, End-Stage Disease, Signs, and Symptoms (CHESS Score), n (%) | |||
 0 | 110,18 (58.69) | 1309 (68.64) | 664 (72.49) |
 1 | 4665 (24.85) | 362 (18.98) | 188 (20.52) |
 2 | 2179 (11.61) | 176 (9.23) | 51 (5.57) |
 3 | 692 (3.69) | 49 (2.57) | 11 (1.20) |
 4 | 219 (1.17) | 11 (0.58) | 2 (0.22) |
 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Home size, n (%) | |||
 Small (≤50 beds) | 583 (1.95) | 276 (8.82) | 0 |
 Med (51–99 beds) | 511,9 (17.15) | 103,7 (33.14) | 278 (12.12) |
 Large (≥ 100 beds | 24,146 (80.90) | 181,6 (58.04) | 2015 (87.88) |
Overall case mix index of the residents at Baseline, Mean (SD) | 0.64 (0.18) | 0.57 (0.16) | 0.58 (0.14) |
Ownership, n (%) | |||
 Public/religious/not for profit | 127,41 (42.69) | 157,3 (50.27) | 122,3 (53.34) |
 Private | 171,07 (57.31) | 155,6 (49.73) | 107,0 (46.66) |
Rurality, n (%) | |||
 Urban | 255,96 (85.75) | 272,3 (87.02) | 2293 (100) |
 Rural | 410,5 (13.75) | 401 (12.82) | 0 |