From: Correlates of loneliness in older adults in Shanghai, China: does age matter?
Variables | Total | Young old | Old old | Difference | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 2770 | N = 2387 | N = 383 | |||||
Sex | a | ||||||
 Male | 48.80 | 49.4 | 45.7 | ||||
 Female | 51.20 | 50.6 | 54.3 | ||||
Hukou registration | |||||||
 Urban | 71.7 | 72.1 | 69.7 | a | |||
 Rural | 28.3 | 27.9 | 30.3 | ||||
Marital status | a*** | ||||||
 Married | 81.0 | 86.1 | 49.1 | ||||
 Single | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.3 | ||||
 Divorced | 2.3 | 2.5 | 1.0 | ||||
 Widowed | 15.8 | 10.4 | 49.6 | ||||
Education | a*** | ||||||
 Primary school or lower | 34.9 | 30.2 | 64.5 | ||||
 Junior high | 29.2 | 32.3 | 10.2 | ||||
 High | 20.6 | 22 | 10.9 | ||||
 Bachelor | 15.4 | 15.5 | 14.4 | ||||
Living arrangement | a*** | ||||||
 Living alone | 12.4 | 10.6 | 24.0 | ||||
 Living with others | 87.6 | 89.4 | 76.0 | ||||
 Volunteering | 11.2 | 12.6 | 2.3 | a*** | |||
 | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD |  |
Age | 69.72 | 8.07 | 67.23 | 5.24 | 85.22 | 4.57 | b*** |
Self-rated health | 2.16 | 0.86 | 2.17 | 0.87 | 2.08 | 0.81 | b |
IADL | 1.27 | 0.62 | 1.17 | 0.46 | 1.90 | 1.01 | b*** |
Chronic disease | 2.09 | 1.79 | 1.99 | 1.74 | 2.68 | 2.00 | b*** |
Family functioning | 2.97 | 0.33 | 2.97 | 0.33 | 2.99 | 0.33 | b |
Chatting with neighbors | 6.14 | 3.38 | 6.27 | 3.31 | 5.29 | 3.69 | b*** |
Playing mahjong | 1.96 | 2.34 | 1.98 | 2.36 | 1.79 | 2.23 | b |
Dancing | 1.43 | 1.72 | 1.48 | 1.79 | 1.16 | 1.11 | b*** |
New media use | 1.87 | 1.27 | 1.98 | 1.32 | 1.17 | 0.61 | b*** |
Loneliness | 18.48 | 5.77 | 18.35 | 5.84 | 19.27 | 5.30 | b ** |