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Table 1 Features of studied participants

From: Association between activity energy expenditure and peak oxygen consumption with sarcopenia

 

Young women (A) (n = 65)

Old women (B) (n = 41)

Young men (C) (n = 58)

Old men (D) (n = 28)

Significant differences

Demographic and clinical data

 Age (years)

36.2 ± 9.0a

70.9 ± 5.2

36.2 ± 7.7

69.1 ± 7.1

 

 Body mass index (kg/m2)

28.9 ± 1.8

29.0 ± 4.4

29.8 ± 2.0

27.5 ± 3.1

C vs D

 Waist circumference (cm)

90.0 ± 5.7

99.6 ± 11.2

100.9 ± 6.0

98.8 ± 9.0

A vs B C D

 Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

115.5 ± 10.7

128.5 ± 14.3

122.8 ± 9.6

131.8 ± 16.5

A vs C D C vs D

 Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

75.1 ± 8.7

71.5 ± 10.0

75.2 ± 7.7

82.1 ± 11.0

NS

 Handgrip strength (kg)

25.0 ± 4.4

19.4 ± 4.1

42.3 ± 7.6

28.5 ± 5.6

All groups different

 Handgrip strength (z score)

0.88 ± 1.60

− 0.35 ± 0.80

0.17 ± 1.57

−0.79 ± 1.18

A vs D C vs D

Body composition (DEXA)

 Total fat free mass (kg)

38.48 ± 2.92

35.46 ± 4.07

56.40 ± 5.96

47.97 ± 6.40

All groups different

 Total fat mass (kg)

30.99 ± 3.76

30.24 ± 8.07

29.84 ± 4.76

24.04 ± 5.40

D vs A B C

 Appendicular fat free mass (kg)

16.00 ± 1.52

14.10 ± 2.24

24.86 ± 2.97

19.61 ± 3.28

All groups different

 Appendicular fat free mass index (kg/m2)

6.44 ± 0.50

6.04 ± 0.92

8.33 ± 0.84

7.14 ± 0.93

All groups different

 Appendicular fat mass (kg)

13.30 ± 2.34

12.29 ± 3.42

10.51 ± 2.18

7.92 ± 1.78

A vs C D B vs C D C vs D

 Percentage of skeletal muscle mass (%)

25.59 ± 1.88

22.96 ± 2.03

32.59 ± 2.39

29.53 ± 1.80

All groups different

 Appendicular fat free mass (z score)

0.66 ± 0.80

0.43 ± 1.15

0.76 ± 0.90

− 0.02 ± 1.14

D vs A C

 Percentage of skeletal muscle mass (z score)

−0.38 ± 0.70

−0.12 ± 0.70

−0.33 ± 0.79

−0.33 ± 0.51

D vs A

International physical activity questionnaire

 Total physical activity (MET-minutes/week)

630 (264–1252)b

1155 (531–2346)

1173 (626–1944)

1179 (544–2071)

A vs B C D

Exercise calorimetry

 Peak oxygen uptake (ml/min/kg)

17.6 ± 4.2

8.5 ± 2.3

25.6 ± 5.8

12.0 ± 3.2

All groups different

 Peak respiratory exchange ratio (VCO2/VO2)

1.3 ± 0.1

1.3 ± 0.2

1.3 ± 0.2

1.3 ± 0.2

NS

 Peak workload (Watt)

121.9 ± 30.5

41.0 ± 18.6

208.9 ± 50.3

66.1 ± 21.4

All groups different

 Gross muscle efficiency (%)

26.0 ± 6.3

19.3 ± 7.8

24.4 ± 3.2

19.5 ± 4.2

D vs  A C

Seventy two hours actigraphy

 Physical activity level (Total/Resting energy expenditure)

1.51 ± 0.23

1.39 ± 0.17

1.83 ± 0.41

1.59 ± 0.16

A vs C D B vs C D C vs D

 Activity energy expenditure (Kcal/day)

530 (380–837)

287 (211–380)

1047 (679–1702)

653 (541–695)

A vs B C B vs C D C vs D

  1. a= mean ± standard deviation b = median (interquartile range)