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Table 4 Cognitive tests in the EMIF-AD 90+ Study

From: Resilience to cognitive impairment in the oldest-old: design of the EMIF-AD 90+ study

Cognitive test

Cognitive domain

Site

CERAD 10 words test [115]

 Immediate recall

 Delayed recall after 10 min

Memory

Ba

Logical Memory test [116]

 Immediate recall

 Delayed recall after 20–30 min

Memory

A

Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test [117]

 Immediate recall

 Delayed recall after 20 min

Memory

M

Rey Complex Figure Test [118]

 Copy

 Delayed copy after 3 min

Memory

Visuoconstructive skills

B

WAIS-III Digit span forward and backward [119, 120]

Executive functioning

B

Animal (2 min) and Letter fluency (1 min per letterb) [121]

Executive functioning

B

Clock Drawing Testc [122]

Executive functioning

Visuospatial functioning

A

Graded Naming Test [123]

Object-naming ability

B

Trail Making Test A and B [124]

Information processing speed

Visual attention

Task switching

B

WAIS-R Digit Symbol Substitution Test [125]

Perceptual-motor speed

Incidental learning

B

Computerised Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated battery [126]

Paired associate learning

Spatial-working memory

Reaction time

B

National Adult Reading Test [127]

Pre-morbid IQ

B

Visual Association Test [128]

Visuospatial association learning

A

Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination Revised battery [129]

Attention/orientation

Memory

Verbal fluency

Language

Visuospatial abilities

M

  1. A administered only in Amsterdam, B administered in Amsterdam and Manchester, CERAD Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease, M administered only in Manchester, min minute (s), WAIS (−R) Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (-Revised)
  2. aIn Manchester only in the cognitively normal subjects. bIn Amsterdam using the letters D, A and T and in Manchester the letters F, A, and S. cThe subject will be asked to draw a clock showing the time “ten after eleven”. In total 14 points can be scored based on the presence and sequencing of the numbers and the positioning of the two hands